#1
Which of the following best defines a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation based on observation
ExplanationHypothesis is a tentative explanation derived from observations.
#2
Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural environment without intervention or manipulation?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationNaturalistic observation studies behavior in its natural setting without interference.
#3
Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
Median
ExplanationMedian is a measure of central tendency, representing the middle value in a dataset.
#4
What is the purpose of descriptive statistics in psychological research?
To summarize and describe the characteristics of a data set
ExplanationDescriptive statistics summarize and describe the key features of a dataset.
#5
What is the purpose of random assignment in psychological research?
To ensure every participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any experimental group
ExplanationRandom assignment ensures equal chances for participants in different experimental groups.
#6
Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two continuous variables?
Pearson correlation coefficient
ExplanationPearson correlation coefficient assesses the relationship between continuous variables.
#7
What is the purpose of a placebo in experimental research?
To control for the placebo effect
ExplanationPlacebos control for psychological effects unrelated to the treatment.
#8
What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological research?
To inform participants about the purpose, risks, and benefits of the study
ExplanationInformed consent informs participants about study details and potential risks.
#9
What is the purpose of a control group in experimental research?
To serve as a comparison for the experimental group
ExplanationControl group provides a baseline for comparing the effects of the experimental treatment.
#10
What is the purpose of peer review in the scientific research process?
To provide feedback and assess the quality of research before publication
ExplanationPeer review evaluates research quality and offers constructive feedback before publication.
#11
What is the primary advantage of using a longitudinal research design?
It provides information about changes over time
ExplanationLongitudinal design tracks changes in subjects over an extended period.
#12
Which of the following is an example of a quasi-experimental design?
Before-and-after study
ExplanationQuasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, as seen in before-and-after studies.