#1
Which of the following is a hallmark of cancer?
Uncontrolled cell growth
ExplanationCancer is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
#2
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Regular exercise
ExplanationRegular exercise reduces the risk of CAD.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Parkinson's disease?
Hyperactivity
ExplanationParkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia and reduced movement.
#4
Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
Immune response
ExplanationThe lymphatic system plays a key role in the body's immune defense.
#5
Which of the following is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Heartburn
ExplanationHeartburn is a common symptom of GERD, caused by acid reflux.
#6
Which of the following is a primary function of platelets in the bloodstream?
Coagulation
ExplanationPlatelets play a key role in blood clotting and coagulation.
#7
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute inflammation?
Neutrophil predominance
ExplanationNeutrophils are the primary cells involved in acute inflammation.
#8
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation?
Type I
ExplanationType I hypersensitivity involves the release of histamine from mast cells due to IgE antibodies.
#9
Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
ExplanationHPV infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer development.
#10
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?
Insulin
ExplanationInsulin regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Insulin resistance
ExplanationType 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced responsiveness of cells to insulin.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asthma?
Chronic productive cough
ExplanationA chronic productive cough is not typically associated with asthma.
#13
Which of the following is a key characteristic of apoptosis?
Energy-dependent
ExplanationApoptosis is an energy-dependent process of programmed cell death.
#14
What is the primary function of aldosterone in the body?
Regulation of blood pressure
ExplanationAldosterone regulates blood pressure by controlling sodium and water balance.
#15
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the destruction of joint cartilage and underlying bone?
Osteoarthritis
ExplanationOsteoarthritis leads to the breakdown of cartilage and bone in joints.
#16
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin?
Anemia
ExplanationAnemia is a condition characterized by low levels of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
#17
Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain leading to seizures?
Epilepsy
ExplanationEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.