#1
In microeconomics, what does the law of demand state?
As the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases.
ExplanationHigher prices lead to lower demand.
#2
Which of the following is an example of a perfectly competitive market?
Local farmers' market
ExplanationNumerous sellers offering identical products.
#3
What is the primary goal of firms in microeconomics?
Maximize total profit
ExplanationFirms aim to maximize their net income.
#4
Which of the following is a characteristic of a monopoly?
A single firm selling a unique product
ExplanationOne seller controls the market for a distinct item.
#5
What does the term 'elasticity' refer to in microeconomics?
The responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price
ExplanationSensitivity of demand to price fluctuations.
#6
What is the key assumption of the law of diminishing marginal utility?
As more of a good is consumed, marginal utility decreases.
ExplanationEach additional unit of consumption yields less satisfaction.
#7
What does the term 'opportunity cost' refer to in microeconomics?
The value of the next best alternative that is forgone when a decision is made
ExplanationCost of choosing one option over another.
#8
What does the term 'market equilibrium' signify in microeconomics?
A situation where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
ExplanationBalance between quantity buyers want and sellers offer.
#9
Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfectly elastic demand curve?
The demand curve is horizontal.
ExplanationDemand is infinitely responsive to price changes.
#10
What is the formula for calculating price elasticity of demand?
Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price
ExplanationElasticity measures responsiveness of demand to price changes.
#11
Which of the following is a characteristic of monopolistic competition?
One firm selling differentiated products
ExplanationMultiple firms offer similar but not identical products.
#12
What is the formula for calculating total revenue?
Price × Quantity demanded
ExplanationTotal income generated from sales.
#13
What is the difference between normal profit and economic profit?
Normal profit considers only explicit costs, while economic profit considers both explicit and implicit costs.
ExplanationEconomic profit accounts for all costs, normal profit covers only explicit costs.
#14
Which of the following is an example of a public good?
Street lighting
ExplanationNon-excludable and non-rivalrous goods.
#15
What is the formula for calculating consumer surplus?
Area under the demand curve up to the equilibrium quantity minus the amount paid by buyers
ExplanationBenefit gained by consumers from paying less than they are willing to pay.
#16
What is the formula for calculating total cost?
Total fixed cost + Total variable cost
ExplanationSum of all expenses incurred in production.
#17
Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
Many firms selling identical products
ExplanationNumerous sellers offering homogeneous goods.
#18
What is the formula for calculating price elasticity of supply?
Percentage change in quantity supplied / Percentage change in price
ExplanationResponsiveness of supply to price fluctuations.
#19
Which of the following is a characteristic of a natural monopoly?
High economies of scale lead to one firm supplying the entire market
ExplanationOne firm can produce at lower costs than multiple firms.
#20
What is the difference between explicit and implicit costs?
Explicit costs are incurred when money is spent, while implicit costs are the opportunity costs of using resources owned by the firm.
ExplanationExplicit costs involve monetary expenditure, implicit costs represent opportunity costs.
#21
Which of the following is a determinant of supply in microeconomics?
Number of sellers
ExplanationQuantity of goods provided by producers.
#22
Which of the following is a characteristic of oligopoly?
A few firms selling slightly differentiated products
ExplanationSmall number of firms offering similar but not identical goods.
#23
What is the difference between short-run and long-run in microeconomics?
Short-run refers to a period where at least one factor of production is fixed, while long-run refers to a period where all factors of production can be varied.
ExplanationShort-term has fixed inputs, long-term allows adjustment of all inputs.
#24
What is the difference between economic rent and normal profit?
Economic rent represents the surplus earned above opportunity cost, while normal profit is the return to entrepreneurship.
ExplanationRent is excess earnings beyond opportunity cost, profit is return for entrepreneurship.