#1
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one.
ExplanationAssociation between neutral stimulus and an involuntary response.
#2
What is the concept of operant conditioning primarily associated with?
Punishment and reinforcement
ExplanationLearning through consequences of actions.
#3
In the context of learning, what does the term 'scaffolding' refer to?
Providing temporary support to help a learner reach a higher level of understanding
ExplanationGradual assistance in skill acquisition.
#4
According to the principles of social learning theory, what plays a significant role in learning?
Observing and modeling others' behaviors
ExplanationLearning through observation and imitation.
#5
According to the behaviorist perspective, learning is primarily influenced by:
External stimuli and reinforcement
ExplanationExternal influences and consequences.
#6
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationZone where learning potential is maximized.
#7
What is the term for learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not immediately reflected in behavior?
Implicit learning
ExplanationUnconscious acquisition of knowledge.
#8
What is the primary focus of the cognitive theory of learning?
The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
ExplanationUnderstanding mental activities in learning.
#9
Who introduced the concept of 'schema' in cognitive psychology?
Jean Piaget
ExplanationMental frameworks for organizing information.
#10
What is the term for the process by which old memories interfere with the retrieval of new memories?
Proactive interference
ExplanationOld memories disrupt new memory formation.
#11
Who proposed the concept of 'vicarious reinforcement' in the context of social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationLearning through observing others' rewards and punishments.
#12
What is the term for the phenomenon where new information interferes with the retrieval of old information?
Retroactive interference
ExplanationNew memories disrupt old memory retrieval.