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Principles of Conditioning Quiz

#1

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov
Explanation

Pavlov discovered classical conditioning.

#2

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response (UCR)?

The response that naturally occurs to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Explanation

UCR is the natural response to the UCS.

#3

Who introduced the concept of observational learning and social cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura
Explanation

Bandura introduced observational learning and social cognitive theory.

#4

Who introduced the concept of conditioned emotional responses and conducted the 'Little Albert' experiment?

John B. Watson
Explanation

Watson introduced conditioned emotional responses and conducted the 'Little Albert' experiment.

#5

Who proposed the law of effect, stating that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely to occur?

Edward Thorndike
Explanation

Thorndike proposed the law of effect.

#6

In operant conditioning, what is positive reinforcement?

Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior
Explanation

Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior.

#7

What is the process called when a conditioned response (CR) decreases over time due to the absence of reinforcement?

Extinction
Explanation

Extinction is the decrease in CR due to lack of reinforcement.

#8

What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the intensity of a conditioned stimulus (CS) until it no longer elicits the conditioned response (CR)?

Fading
Explanation

Fading is reducing CS intensity until it no longer elicits CR.

#9

What is the term for learning that occurs without direct reinforcement and involves the mental processes of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation?

Cognitive learning
Explanation

Cognitive learning involves mental processes without direct reinforcement.

#10

What term describes the tendency to respond differently to stimuli that are similar but not identical?

Discrimination
Explanation

Discrimination is responding differently to similar stimuli.

#11

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the weakening of a conditioned response (CR) when it is not reinforced?

Extinction
Explanation

Extinction is the weakening of CR without reinforcement.

#12

Which of the following is NOT a component of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

Positive reinforcement
Explanation

Positive reinforcement is not a component of Bandura's theory.

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