#1
Which of the following is a primary function of management?
Resource allocation
ExplanationAllocating resources effectively to achieve organizational goals.
#2
In the context of organizational behavior, what does 'span of control' refer to?
The number of employees a manager supervises
ExplanationSpan of control indicates the number of subordinates or employees a manager oversees.
#3
What is the purpose of SWOT analysis in strategic management?
To analyze internal and external factors affecting an organization
ExplanationSWOT analysis assesses an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to formulate strategic plans.
#4
What is the concept of 'organizational learning' in the context of business management?
Adapting and improving through experience and knowledge
ExplanationOrganizational learning involves acquiring, interpreting, and applying knowledge to improve processes, products, and services.
#5
Which leadership style is characterized by a hands-off approach, allowing employees to make decisions independently?
Laissez-faire leadership
ExplanationLaissez-faire leadership grants employees autonomy to make decisions with minimal guidance or interference from leaders.
#6
What is the definition of organizational culture?
Shared values and beliefs within an organization
ExplanationThe collective values and beliefs shaping behavior and interactions within a company.
#7
Which management theorist introduced the concept of the five functions of management?
Henri Fayol
ExplanationHenri Fayol proposed the five basic functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
#8
Which leadership style focuses on building strong relationships and team collaboration?
Transformational leadership
ExplanationTransformational leadership emphasizes inspiring and motivating followers, fostering innovation and collaboration.
#9
What is the primary goal of Total Quality Management (TQM) in business?
Continuous improvement and customer satisfaction
ExplanationTQM aims at continuous improvement of processes, products, and services to enhance customer satisfaction.
#10
Which organizational structure is characterized by a clear hierarchy and centralized decision-making?
Hierarchical structure
ExplanationA hierarchical structure features a pyramid-like chain of command with centralized authority.
#11
What is the role of a mission statement in an organization?
To communicate the organization's purpose and values
ExplanationA mission statement articulates the organization's core purpose, values, and goals, guiding its actions and decision-making.
#12
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cross-functional team?
Members from different departments or functional areas
ExplanationCross-functional teams comprise individuals from diverse departments or areas, pooling their expertise to achieve common goals.
#13
What is the key focus of strategic management?
Long-term goals and objectives
ExplanationStrategic management emphasizes setting long-term goals and objectives to guide organizational direction.
#14
What is the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in business management?
Balancing economic and social goals
ExplanationCSR involves integrating social and environmental concerns into business operations and interactions with stakeholders.
#15
What is the Hawthorne effect in organizational psychology?
A motivation theory
ExplanationThe Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed.
#16
In the context of decision-making, what is the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?
Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive; non-programmed decisions are one-time, unique decisions
ExplanationProgrammed decisions are those that are made repeatedly according to established rules and procedures, while non-programmed decisions are unique and unstructured.
#17
What is the concept of 'glass ceiling' in organizational culture?
An invisible barrier hindering career advancement for certain groups
ExplanationThe glass ceiling refers to the unseen obstacles that limit career advancement, particularly for women and minorities.
#18
Which leadership theory suggests that effective leaders adapt their style based on the situation and the maturity of their followers?
Contingency theory
ExplanationContingency theory asserts that leadership effectiveness depends on matching the leader's style to the situation and the readiness of followers.
#19
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which needs are considered higher-order needs?
Self-esteem and self-actualization needs
ExplanationSelf-esteem and self-actualization needs represent higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy, following physiological and safety needs.