#1
Which type of reinforcement involves adding something pleasant to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationPositive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior.
#2
What is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away a child's toy to stop misbehavior
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves removing something unpleasant to increase behavior.
#3
Which reinforcement schedule reinforces a behavior after a specific number of occurrences?
Fixed-ratio schedule
ExplanationFixed-ratio schedule reinforces a behavior after a set number of times it occurs.
#4
What is an example of a variable-interval reinforcement schedule?
Checking email throughout the day for important messages
ExplanationVariable-interval reinforcement schedule reinforces a behavior after varying intervals of time.
#5
Which of the following is an example of shaping in behavioral reinforcement?
Giving a treat to a dog for sitting on command
ExplanationShaping involves reinforcing behaviors successively closer to the desired behavior.
#6
In operant conditioning, what does the term 'discriminative stimulus' refer to?
A stimulus that signals when a behavior will be reinforced
ExplanationDiscriminative stimulus indicates when a behavior will be reinforced in operant conditioning.
#7
What is the Premack principle?
The idea that a high-probability behavior can reinforce a low-probability behavior
ExplanationPremack principle states that a frequently occurring behavior can reinforce a less frequent one.
#8
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes a stimulus to increase behavior
ExplanationPositive reinforcement adds a stimulus while negative reinforcement removes one, both to increase behavior.
#9
What is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that naturally satisfies a biological need or desire
ExplanationPrimary reinforcer fulfills a biological need or desire.
#10
Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest resistance to extinction?
Variable-ratio schedule
ExplanationVariable-ratio schedule offers the highest resistance to extinction.