#1
Which principle states that behavior followed by desirable consequences tends to be repeated?
Positive reinforcement
ExplanationRepeating behaviors due to favorable outcomes.
#2
What does the acronym ABC stand for in behavioral analysis?
Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence
ExplanationKey components in the analysis of behavior.
#3
Which theorist is associated with the concept of observational learning?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationLearning by observing others.
#4
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
Food
ExplanationInnately reinforcing stimulus.
#5
What term is used to describe the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing behavior approximations toward a goal.
#6
What is the term used to describe the process of modifying behavior by presenting or removing stimuli immediately following a behavior?
Conditioning
ExplanationBehavioral modification through immediate stimuli presentation/removal.
#7
In behavioral analysis, what does the term 'shaping' refer to?
The process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior
ExplanationReinforcing gradual steps toward the target behavior.
#8
What is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves involuntary responses, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
ExplanationInvoluntary vs. voluntary learning associations.
#9
What is the term used to describe the weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented?
Extinction
ExplanationFading of learned responses without reinforcement.
#10
In the context of behavior analysis, what does the term 'chaining' refer to?
Breaking down a complex task into smaller, manageable steps and teaching each step individually
ExplanationTeaching complex tasks through step-by-step reinforcement.
#11
What is the term used to describe a decrease in the frequency of a behavior when it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus?
Escape conditioning
ExplanationReduced behavior due to aversive stimulus removal.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a component of the triadic reciprocal causation model proposed by Albert Bandura?
Motivation
ExplanationExcluded element in Bandura's model of behavior.
#13
Which schedule of reinforcement involves providing reinforcement after a varying number of responses?
Variable Ratio
ExplanationReinforcement after unpredictable responses.