#1
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a child candy for completing their homework
ExplanationRewarding a behavior to increase its likelihood of recurrence.
#2
What is the primary difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it.
ExplanationReinforcement strengthens behavior, whereas punishment weakens it.
#3
Which type of reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
ExplanationStrengthening behavior by removing an undesirable stimulus.
#4
In operant conditioning, what is the term for reinforcing behaviors that are close to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationReinforcing successive approximations toward a target behavior.
#5
Which reinforcement schedule delivers reinforcement after a fixed number of responses?
Fixed Ratio
ExplanationProviding reinforcement after a consistent number of behaviors.
#6
Which reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses?
Variable Ratio
ExplanationReinforcement given after an inconsistent number of behaviors.
#7
In behavior modification, what does extinction refer to?
The gradual disappearance of a learned behavior when reinforcement is withheld
ExplanationDiminishing of a behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
#8
Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?
Variable Ratio
ExplanationReinforcement provided after an unpredictable number of responses, making it resistant to extinction.
#9
What is the term used to describe the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationGradually molding behavior toward a desired outcome through reinforcement.
#10
What is the term for a behavior that occurs more frequently when reinforced intermittently rather than continuously?
Intermittent behavior
ExplanationBehavior reinforced inconsistently, leading to its persistence.
#11
Which of the following is an example of punishment by removal?
Giving a time-out
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by removing a pleasant stimulus.
#12
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
Taking away a child's toy for misbehavior
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by removing a desired stimulus.
#13
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Taking away an unpleasant task after a desired behavior
ExplanationRemoving aversive stimuli to strengthen a behavior.
#14
What is the term for decreasing the frequency of a behavior by removing a pleasant stimulus?
Negative punishment
ExplanationDiminishing behavior by taking away a positive stimulus.
#15
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
Adding extra studying as a consequence of low grades
ExplanationAdding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior.
#16
What is the term for decreasing the frequency of a behavior by presenting an unpleasant stimulus?
Positive punishment
ExplanationDecreasing behavior by adding an aversive stimulus.