#1
What is behavior generalization?
The tendency of a behavior to occur in situations different from the one in which it was originally learned.
ExplanationBehavior occurrence in diverse situations.
#2
Which of the following is an example of behavior generalization?
A dog salivating to the sound of a bell after being conditioned with food.
ExplanationDog's response to a bell similar to food.
#3
What is stimulus generalization?
The tendency of a response to occur in the presence of stimuli similar to the original stimulus.
ExplanationResponse occurrence to similar stimuli.
#4
Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?
A dog reacting fearfully to a new person who looks similar to its abusive previous owner.
ExplanationDog's fearful response to a similar person.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing behavior generalization?
The presence of discriminative stimuli.
ExplanationIrrelevant to behavior generalization.
#6
What is the term for reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationBehavioral approximation reinforcement.
#7
What is a primary reinforcer?
A reinforcer that has innate reinforcing qualities, such as food or water.
ExplanationInnately reinforcing reinforcer.
#8
Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable ratio
ExplanationExtinction-resistant reinforcement schedule.
#9
What is a discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning?
A stimulus that indicates when a behavior will be reinforced.
ExplanationBehavior-reinforcement indication stimulus.
#10
Which of the following is an example of a discriminative stimulus?
A light turning on after pressing a button.
ExplanationButton press resulting in light.
#11
In behavior modification, what is the term for reinforcing behaviors that are similar to the target behavior?
Generalization training
ExplanationTraining for similar behaviors.
#12
Which of the following strategies can help promote behavior generalization?
Varying reinforcement schedules
ExplanationReinforcement schedule variations.
#13
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing reinforcement to eliminate a behavior?
Extinction
ExplanationGradual reinforcement reduction.
#14
How does extinction differ from punishment?
Extinction involves removing the reinforcement of a behavior, while punishment involves adding an aversive consequence.
ExplanationReinforcement removal vs. aversive consequence addition.
#15
Which of the following is an example of behavior shaping?
Gradually rewarding a person for speaking more confidently in public.
ExplanationConfidence reinforcement in public speaking.
#16
In behavior modification, what is the term for providing reinforcement after a fixed number of desired behaviors?
Fixed ratio schedule
ExplanationReinforcement after set behaviors.
#17
What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly closer to the target behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationBehavioral closeness reinforcement.
#18
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
Removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior.
ExplanationAversive stimulus removal for behavior increase.
#19
What is the term for the process of gradually reducing the frequency of a behavior by removing the reinforcer?
Extinction
ExplanationGradual behavior frequency reduction.
#20
In classical conditioning, what is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
ExplanationNeutral stimulus association with unconditioned stimulus.
#21
What is overgeneralization in the context of behavior?
The tendency to apply learned behaviors to situations that are not appropriate.
ExplanationApplication of learned behaviors to inappropriate situations.
#22
What is the term for the tendency of a behavior to return following a period of extinction?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationBehavior return post-extinction.
#23
What is the term for the process of reinforcing behaviors that lead to a final desired behavior?
Chaining
ExplanationSequential behavior reinforcement.
#24
What is the term for the phenomenon where a behavior decreases in frequency because it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationBehavior decrease due to lack of reinforcement.
#25
What is the term for the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationConditioned response return post-extinction.