#1
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Giving a child candy for completing homework
ExplanationPositive reinforcement involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
#2
What is the main goal of behavior modification?
To improve specific behaviors
ExplanationBehavior modification aims to systematically alter behavior through techniques such as reinforcement and punishment.
#3
Which technique involves gradually exposing someone to feared objects or situations in a safe environment?
Systematic desensitization
ExplanationSystematic desensitization helps reduce anxiety by gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli.
#4
In operant conditioning, what is a schedule of reinforcement?
The timing of reinforcement delivery
ExplanationA schedule of reinforcement determines when and how often reinforcement is delivered following a behavior.
#5
What is the term for gradually reducing the frequency or intensity of a behavior by withholding reinforcement?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction involves the cessation of reinforcement, leading to a decrease in the occurrence of a behavior.
#6
Which of the following is a key principle of behavior modification?
Behaviors are influenced by their consequences
ExplanationBehavior modification emphasizes that behaviors are shaped by the consequences that follow them.
#7
What is a primary reinforcer?
A naturally reinforcing stimulus
ExplanationPrimary reinforcers satisfy innate biological needs and do not require prior learning to be reinforcing.
#8
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Removing an aversive sound after completing a task
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
#9
Which of the following is an example of a behavior modification technique often used in classrooms?
Time-out
ExplanationTime-out involves removing a person from a situation reinforcing undesirable behavior.
#10
What is a disadvantage of using punishment as a behavior modification technique?
It can lead to aggression or fear
ExplanationPunishment may result in adverse emotional responses and unintended side effects such as aggression or fear.
#11
Which of the following is an example of a behavior modification technique often used in treating phobias?
Flooding
ExplanationFlooding involves exposing individuals to their feared stimuli at full intensity until their anxiety decreases.