#1
Which of the following is considered the 'father of psychology'?
Wilhelm Wundt
ExplanationPioneer in establishing psychology as a formal discipline.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is associated with mood regulation and pleasure?
Dopamine
ExplanationKey role in reward-motivated behavior and pleasure.
#3
What is the 'nature vs. nurture' debate in psychology about?
The impact of genetics and environment on behavior
ExplanationControversy over whether biology or environment shapes behavior more.
#4
In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, what does the 'id' represent?
The instinctual and impulsive part of the mind
ExplanationUnconscious drives seeking immediate gratification.
#5
Which research method involves studying a group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes or trends?
Longitudinal study
ExplanationExamining subjects repeatedly over time for developmental insights.
#6
What is the main focus of behaviorism in psychology?
Observable behavior
ExplanationEmphasizes external behavior as the subject of study.
#7
Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationProposed that intelligence is not singular but diverse.
#8
What is the concept of 'classical conditioning' in psychology?
Association between a neutral stimulus and an involuntary response
ExplanationLearning process associating stimuli with responses.
#9
Who is known for the theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationOutlined stages of psychosocial development throughout life.
#10
Which perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of mental processes in understanding behavior?
Cognitive psychology
ExplanationFocuses on internal mental processes like perception and memory.
#11
What is the 'Hawthorne effect' in the context of psychological research?
The tendency for individuals to perform better when observed
ExplanationAltering behavior due to being observed rather than the experiment's intervention.
#12
What is the concept of 'cognitive dissonance' in psychology?
Inconsistency between attitudes and behavior
ExplanationDiscomfort caused by holding conflicting beliefs or behaviors.
#13
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs in human motivation?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationHierarchy of human needs ranging from basic to self-fulfillment.
#14
In the context of memory, what does 'chunking' refer to?
Grouping information into meaningful units for easier recall
ExplanationStrategy to improve memory recall by organizing information.
#15
What does the 'Stanford prison experiment' investigate in psychology?
Role-playing and situational behavior
ExplanationExplores the effects of perceived power roles on behavior.
#16
Who developed the concept of 'self-actualization' in human psychology?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationThe pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy, representing self-fulfillment.
#17
In the context of social psychology, what is the 'fundamental attribution error'?
The tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors and underestimate situational influences
ExplanationMisjudging others' actions as stemming from internal traits rather than external circumstances.