#1
Who is credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
#2
In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
The stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
ExplanationIt's the stimulus that elicits an unlearned response.
#3
In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
ExplanationIt's the behavior elicited by the conditioned stimulus after conditioning.
#4
In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?
The neutral stimulus that is paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
ExplanationInitially neutral, it becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
#5
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
ExplanationThis illustrates the learned association between the bell (CS) and food (UCS).
#6
What is extinction in classical conditioning?
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response
ExplanationIt occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone, causing the conditioned response to fade.
#7
What is stimulus generalization in classical conditioning?
The process of responding to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus
ExplanationIt involves responding to similar stimuli as if they were the original conditioned stimulus.
#8
What is stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?
The process of responding only to the original conditioned stimulus and not to similar stimuli
ExplanationIt's the ability to differentiate between similar stimuli and respond selectively.
#9
What is simultaneous conditioning in classical conditioning?
The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus at the same time
ExplanationBoth stimuli are presented together to facilitate the association between them.
#10
What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?
The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction has occurred
ExplanationAfter a rest period following extinction, the conditioned response may briefly reappear.
#11
What is higher-order conditioning in classical conditioning?
The process of conditioning a response to a new, previously neutral stimulus by pairing it with a conditioned stimulus
ExplanationIt involves creating a new conditioned response by associating a neutral stimulus with an existing conditioned stimulus.
#12
What is trace conditioning in classical conditioning?
The conditioned stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus, and both stimuli end at the same time.
ExplanationThere's a temporal gap between the presentation of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
#13
What is backward conditioning in classical conditioning?
The unconditioned stimulus is presented after the conditioned stimulus.
ExplanationIt's presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus.
#14
What is evaluative conditioning in classical conditioning?
The process of conditioning a response to stimuli based on their positive or negative valence.
ExplanationIt involves associating a neutral stimulus with positive or negative stimuli to evoke a response.