#1
What type of graph is best suited for showing the relationship between two continuous variables?
Scatter plot
ExplanationDisplays points representing values of two continuous variables; useful for identifying patterns or trends.
#2
Which statistical measure describes the central tendency of a dataset?
Mean
ExplanationRepresents the average value of a dataset; sum of all values divided by the number of values.
#3
In a scientific experiment, what does the term 'control group' refer to?
A group that is not exposed to the independent variable
ExplanationServes as a standard of comparison; used to assess the effect of the independent variable by comparing outcomes with the experimental group.
#4
Which type of graph is suitable for comparing the distribution of a categorical variable across different groups?
Bar chart
ExplanationDisplays categorical data using rectangular bars; height of bars represents the frequency or proportion of each category.
#5
What is the primary purpose of a box plot?
To show the distribution of a continuous variable
ExplanationDisplays the distribution of data along with its central tendency, variability, and outliers; provides a visual summary of the data distribution.
#6
What is the purpose of error bars in a scientific graph?
To show the margin of error in the data
ExplanationIndicates the variability or uncertainty in data points; commonly used in representing confidence intervals or standard errors.
#7
What does correlation coefficient indicate about the relationship between two variables?
Strength and direction of the relationship
ExplanationMeasures the degree of linear relationship between two variables; ranges from -1 to +1, indicating negative or positive association and its strength.
#8
What does the 'p-value' represent in hypothesis testing?
The probability of obtaining observed results by chance
ExplanationIndicates the likelihood of observing the test statistic or more extreme results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true; used to determine statistical significance.
#9
When is it appropriate to use a logarithmic scale in a graph?
When there is a wide range of values
ExplanationHelps visualize data spanning several orders of magnitude; useful when data covers a large range to compress the scale.
#10
What does the term 'statistically significant' mean?
The result is unlikely to have occurred by random chance
ExplanationIndicates that observed differences or effects are likely not due to random variation alone; implies a high level of confidence in the results.
#11
Which type of plot is commonly used to visualize the distribution of a single continuous variable?
Histogram
ExplanationRepresents the frequency distribution of continuous data by dividing it into intervals called 'bins'; bars' heights indicate the frequency of observations within each bin.
#12
What is the purpose of a trendline in a scatter plot?
To visualize the overall trend in the data
ExplanationRepresents the general direction of the relationship between variables; aids in identifying patterns or trends in the data.
#13
Which type of graph is suitable for displaying the distribution of a continuous variable along with its median and quartiles?
Box plot
ExplanationIllustrates the spread and skewness of data along with its central tendency and variability; emphasizes the interquartile range and identifies outliers.
#14
Which type of graph is suitable for showing the relationship between two categorical variables?
Bar chart
ExplanationDisplays categorical data using rectangular bars; allows for comparison of the frequency or proportion of categories between groups.
#15
Which type of plot is useful for visualizing the relationship between three variables?
Bubble chart
ExplanationRepresents three variables using the position and size of bubbles; allows for the simultaneous visualization of relationships among multiple variables.