Personality Theories and Defense Mechanisms Quiz

Freud proposed the theory of psychosexual development, which describes how personality develops through a series of stages based on the erogenous zones.

Optimism is not considered a defense mechanism; instead, it's a positive outlook or attitude towards life.

The Big Five theory focuses on identifying and categorizing personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of needs and desires, without concern for consequences or morality.

Imagination is not one of the Big Five personality traits; instead, the traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Self-actualization is the realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, representing the highest level of psychological development.

Adolescents struggle with establishing a sense of identity amidst societal roles and expectations, as proposed by Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Carl Jung introduced the concept of the collective unconscious, suggesting that it contains inherited elements shared by all human beings.

Projection involves unconsciously attributing one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or traits onto another person.

Self-actualization, the realization of one's full potential, represents the highest level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy, motivating individuals to seek personal growth and fulfillment.

Albert Bandura introduced the concept of self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks and achieve goals.

Adler proposed that individuals are primarily motivated by a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority and achieve a sense of superiority.

Horney proposed 'womb envy' as a concept in response to Freud's 'penis envy,' suggesting that men may envy women's ability to bear children.

Self-efficacy, an individual's belief in their ability to perform actions, influences their motivation and success in observational learning, as proposed by Bandura.

Albert Bandura proposed reciprocal determinism, highlighting the continuous interaction between an individual's behavior, personal factors (such as cognition and affect), and the environment.

Existential theories of personality focus on the individual's search for meaning, purpose, and significance in life, as well as coping with the existential anxiety inherent in human existence.

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, enabling adaptation, learning, and recovery from injury.