#1
Which personality trait is associated with being outgoing, talkative, and energetic?
Extraversion
ExplanationExtraversion is characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and excitement-seeking.
#2
What is the term for the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias involves attributing successes to internal factors (e.g., ability) and failures to external factors (e.g., luck).
#3
Which personality trait is associated with being organized, responsible, and dependable?
Conscientiousness
ExplanationConscientiousness involves being organized, responsible, and self-disciplined.
#4
What is the term for the process of adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity refers to the tendency to adjust one's behavior or beliefs to match those of a group or social norm.
#5
In the context of personality and work behavior, what does 'MBTI' stand for?
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
ExplanationMBTI is a widely used personality assessment tool based on Jungian theory, categorizing individuals into personality types based on preferences in perception and judgment.
#6
Which type of personality assessment involves individuals responding to a series of statements that measure various aspects of their personality?
Self-report inventory
ExplanationSelf-report inventories involve individuals responding to a series of statements or questions to assess their personality traits, attitudes, or behaviors.
#7
According to the Big Five personality model, what does 'O' stand for?
Openness
ExplanationOpenness refers to the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity, and preference for novelty and variety.
#8
What is the concept that refers to the consistency of a personality trait over time?
Trait stability
ExplanationTrait stability denotes the extent to which a personality trait remains stable over time and across situations.
#9
Which type of personality assessment involves presenting individuals with ambiguous stimuli and analyzing their responses?
Projective test
ExplanationProjective tests involve presenting ambiguous stimuli and analyzing responses to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.
#10
According to the social cognitive theory, what is the process by which individuals observe and imitate the behavior of others?
Modeling
ExplanationModeling refers to the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others, a key concept in social cognitive theory.
#11
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level includes the need for self-esteem, confidence, and achievement?
Esteem needs
ExplanationEsteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy encompass the desire for self-esteem, confidence, respect from others, and the need for achievement.
#12
What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the impact of internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors when making attributions for others' behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationFundamental attribution error is the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics while underestimating situational factors.
#13
Which psychological theory suggests that personality is shaped by unconscious desires and early childhood experiences?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory, proposed by Freud, emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences in shaping personality.
#14
In the context of work behavior, what does 'Locus of Control' refer to?
The degree to which an individual believes they control their own destiny
ExplanationLocus of Control relates to whether individuals attribute events to their own actions (internal locus) or external factors (external locus).
#15
In the context of work behavior, what does the 'Hawthorne Effect' refer to?
The tendency for individuals to perform better when they know they are being observed
ExplanationThe Hawthorne Effect refers to individuals altering their behavior when they are aware of being observed, often leading to improved performance.
#16
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, such as thoughts, beliefs, and expectations, in shaping personality?
Social cognitive theory
ExplanationSocial cognitive theory highlights the importance of cognitive processes, such as observation, imitation, and reinforcement, in shaping personality.
#17
According to the HEXACO model of personality, what does the 'C' stand for?
Composure
ExplanationComposure, in the HEXACO model, represents emotional stability, calmness, and the ability to handle stress.
#18
In the context of work behavior, what is the term for the emotional bond and connection that employees have with their organization?
Organizational commitment
ExplanationOrganizational commitment refers to an employee's emotional attachment, loyalty, and identification with their organization.