#1
Which of the following is a common sign of a healthy relationship?
Mutual respect
ExplanationHealthy relationships are characterized by mutual respect, where both partners value each other's opinions and boundaries.
#2
What is the term for the process of resolving interpersonal conflicts by seeking mutually acceptable solutions?
Negotiation
ExplanationNegotiation involves communication and compromise to resolve conflicts or reach agreements that satisfy the needs of all parties involved.
#3
What is the term for the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment refers to the emotional bond formed between an infant and their primary caregiver, crucial for healthy social and emotional development.
#4
What is the term for the process of adapting one's behavior to fit in with a group's norms or expectations?
Conformity
ExplanationConformity refers to the tendency to adjust one's behavior or attitudes to align with the perceived norms or expectations of a group, often to gain acceptance or avoid rejection.
#5
What is the term for the process of forgetting information over time?
Memory decay
ExplanationMemory decay refers to the fading or weakening of memories over time due to disuse or interference from other memories.
#6
Which term refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and one's failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors (skill, effort) while blaming external factors (luck, circumstance) for failures.
#7
What is the term for the tendency to remember the most recent items in a list?
Recency effect
ExplanationThe recency effect refers to the tendency to recall and prioritize items from the end of a list due to their recent exposure in memory.
#8
What is the term for the process of using strategies to manage or regulate one's own emotions?
Emotion regulation
ExplanationEmotion regulation involves the conscious or unconscious use of strategies to manage and control one's emotional experiences, responses, and expressions.
#9
What is a primary factor contributing to the success of a long-term relationship?
Open communication
ExplanationOpen communication fosters understanding and trust, essential for navigating challenges and maintaining intimacy in long-term relationships.
#10
In psychology, what is the 'mere exposure effect'?
A phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus increases liking
ExplanationThe mere exposure effect explains why people tend to develop a preference for things they are familiar with, simply due to repeated exposure.
#11
What is the primary difference between empathy and sympathy?
Empathy involves understanding and sharing someone else's feelings, while sympathy involves feeling sorry for someone.
ExplanationEmpathy requires understanding and sharing another's feelings, whereas sympathy involves acknowledging and feeling sorry for someone's situation.
#12
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to comply with a request if they have previously agreed to a smaller request?
Foot-in-the-door technique
ExplanationThe foot-in-the-door technique exploits the tendency for compliance, starting with a small request to increase the likelihood of agreeing to a larger one later.
#13
Which attachment style is characterized by a fear of abandonment and an aversion to closeness in relationships?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationIndividuals with avoidant attachment styles tend to fear closeness and intimacy, often due to past experiences of abandonment or neglect.
#14
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall information that is at the beginning and end of a list, rather than from the middle?
Serial position effect
ExplanationThe serial position effect explains the tendency to remember items from the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list more easily than those in the middle.
#15
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence and involves forming a sense of identity?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationDuring adolescence, individuals navigate the stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion, where they seek to establish a coherent sense of self amidst social pressures.
#16
What term describes the tendency to prefer information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses, while disregarding contradictory evidence.
#17
According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, which type of love involves intimacy and passion but lacks commitment?
Romantic love
ExplanationRomantic love, as per Sternberg's Triangular Theory, is characterized by intimacy and passion but lacks the commitment found in consummate love.
#18
Which psychological theory suggests that people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing to self-actualization?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationThe hierarchy of needs theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow, posits that individuals are motivated to fulfill basic physiological and safety needs before advancing to higher-level needs such as love, esteem, and self-actualization.
#19
What term refers to the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors and underestimate the influence of external factors when evaluating the behavior of others?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error leads individuals to attribute others' behavior more to internal characteristics (personality, disposition) than to external factors (situational context).
#20
Which attachment style is characterized by a lack of trust in others and discomfort with intimacy?
Avoidant attachment
ExplanationAvoidant attachment style involves difficulty trusting others and discomfort with intimacy, often stemming from past experiences of rejection or neglect.
#21
What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals are more likely to conform to a group's decision, even if they disagree with it?
Groupthink
ExplanationGroupthink occurs when individuals prioritize group harmony over critical evaluation, leading to a tendency to conform to the group's decisions or opinions, even if they are flawed.
#22
Which psychological theory suggests that behavior is influenced by observations of others, especially those we see as similar to ourselves?
Social learning theory
ExplanationSocial learning theory proposes that individuals learn from observing others, especially those they perceive as similar or influential, and adjust their behaviors accordingly.
#23
Which term refers to the process of interpreting ambiguous information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias involves interpreting ambiguous information in a manner consistent with one's existing beliefs or hypotheses, potentially leading to flawed reasoning and decision-making.
#24
Which psychological concept describes the tendency to attribute other people's behavior to internal characteristics, while attributing one's own behavior to external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationThe fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics and underestimate external factors when explaining others' behavior.
#25
Which theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?
Cognitive dissonance theory
ExplanationCognitive dissonance theory posits that individuals strive for internal consistency, leading them to reconcile conflicting beliefs or behaviors to reduce discomfort.