#1
Which of the following is considered an introverted personality trait?
Feeling energized by spending time alone
ExplanationIntroverted individuals tend to recharge by spending time alone.
#2
What is a common characteristic of Type A personalities?
Competitive and time-conscious behavior
ExplanationType A personalities are characterized by competitiveness and a strong sense of time urgency.
#3
Which of the following is NOT one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial intelligence
ExplanationHoward Gardner's multiple intelligences include linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences, but not spatial intelligence.
#4
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) measure?
Personality preferences
ExplanationThe MBTI is a personality test that measures personality preferences, such as introversion vs. extroversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving.
#5
What does the term 'emotional intelligence' refer to?
The ability to accurately perceive and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others
ExplanationEmotional intelligence refers to the ability to accurately perceive and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.
#6
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory?
Technological progress
ExplanationHofstede's cultural dimensions theory includes power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs. short-term orientation, but not technological progress.
#7
Which theory of personality proposes that behavior is largely determined by unconscious processes?
Psychoanalytic theory
ExplanationPsychoanalytic theory, proposed by Freud, suggests that behavior is influenced by unconscious drives and conflicts.
#8
According to the Big Five personality traits model, which trait reflects a person's tendency to be organized, responsible, and goal-oriented?
Conscientiousness
ExplanationConscientiousness is the trait associated with being organized, responsible, and goal-oriented.
#9
In psychology, what does the term 'cognitive dissonance' refer to?
The discomfort of holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes
ExplanationCognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort of holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.
#10
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
Personal growth, self-actualization, and the human potential
ExplanationHumanistic psychology focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and the realization of human potential.
#11
What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
False consensus effect
ExplanationFalse consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
#12
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be met before an individual can pursue higher-level needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization?
Physiological needs
ExplanationAccording to Maslow, physiological needs must be met before an individual can pursue higher-level needs.
#13
Which psychological concept refers to the tendency of people to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?
Self-serving bias
ExplanationSelf-serving bias is the tendency to attribute successes to oneself and failures to external factors.
#14
Which psychological concept suggests that people have a natural tendency to maintain a balance between their beliefs and behaviors?
Self-consistency theory
ExplanationSelf-consistency theory suggests that people have a natural tendency to maintain a balance between their beliefs and behaviors to avoid cognitive dissonance.
#15
What is the term for the tendency to give greater attention and weight to information that supports our preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that confirms our existing beliefs or values.
#16
Which of the following best describes the 'self-fulfilling prophecy'?
A prediction that leads to a behavior that causes the prediction to come true
ExplanationA self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that, when believed, leads to behaviors that cause the prediction to come true.
#17
Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of attitudes proposed by psychologist Leon Festinger?
Physiological component
ExplanationFestinger proposed that attitudes have three components: cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions), and behavioral (actions), but not physiological.