#1
Which perceptual bias involves relying on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Primacy effect
ExplanationGiving undue importance to initial information in decision-making.
#2
In decision-making, what is the anchoring bias?
Relying on the first piece of information encountered
ExplanationBeing influenced by the initial information encountered during decision-making.
#3
What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' actions to internal factors and overlook external factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationAttributing others' actions to internal traits while neglecting external influences.
#4
What is the term for the tendency to rely on stereotypes and generalizations when making judgments about individuals from a particular group?
Stereotyping bias
ExplanationMaking judgments based on preconceived notions about individuals from a specific group.
#5
What is the term for the tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal factors and underestimate the influence of situational factors?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationAttributing others' actions to internal traits while downplaying external influences.
#6
What is the term for the tendency to focus on information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or values?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationPreferring information that aligns with existing beliefs.
#7
Which cognitive filter involves giving more importance to recent information when making judgments or decisions?
Recency effect
ExplanationPrioritizing recent data in judgment and decision-making.
#8
What is the term for the tendency to overestimate one's ability to predict an event after it has already occurred?
Hindsight bias
ExplanationBelieving one could have accurately predicted an event after it has happened.
#9
Which cognitive filter involves the inclination to believe that events are more predictable after they have already occurred?
Hindsight bias
ExplanationThinking events were more predictable after they've happened.
#10
Which perceptual bias involves the tendency to believe that one's own cultural or social group is superior to others?
In-group bias
ExplanationFavoring one's own group over others.
#11
What is the self-serving bias?
Attributing one's success to internal factors and failure to external factors
ExplanationCrediting success to personal traits and blaming failure on external factors.
#12
What is the term for the tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?
Primacy effect
ExplanationOveremphasizing the impact of initial information in decision-making.
#13
Which perceptual bias involves the inclination to give more weight to information that comes later in a sequence?
Recency effect
ExplanationAssigning greater significance to information encountered later in a sequence.
#14
What is the availability heuristic?
Estimating the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory
ExplanationJudging the probability of an event based on its ease of recall.
#15
Which perceptual bias involves the tendency to judge the probability of an event based on its ease of recall?
Availability heuristic
ExplanationAssessing the likelihood of an event based on how easily it comes to mind.
#16
Which cognitive filter involves the tendency to view members of an out-group as more homogenous than members of an in-group?
Out-group homogeneity bias
ExplanationPerceiving greater similarity among out-group members compared to in-group members.
#17
In social psychology, what is the term for the tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the influence of dispositional factors when explaining others' behavior?
Fundamental attribution error
ExplanationUnderestimating situational influences and overestimating personal traits in explaining others' actions.