#1
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is at the highest level?
Self-actualization needs
ExplanationHighest level need in Maslow's hierarchy, representing self-fulfillment and personal growth.
#2
Which theory suggests that people are motivated by three needs: achievement, power, and affiliation?
McClelland's Theory of Needs
ExplanationFocuses on the need for achievement, power, and affiliation as primary motivators.
#3
Who developed the Theory of Motivation-Hygiene, also known as the Two-Factor Theory?
Frederick Herzberg
ExplanationIntroduced the Two-Factor Theory, distinguishing between hygiene and motivator factors in motivation.
#4
Which theory suggests that employees are motivated when they have specific, challenging goals and receive feedback on their progress?
Goal-Setting Theory
ExplanationHighlights the importance of setting challenging goals and providing feedback for employee motivation.
#5
Who developed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor
ExplanationDouglas McGregor introduced the concept of Theory X and Theory Y, contrasting management assumptions about employee motivation.
#6
Which theory suggests that employees are motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly in comparison to others?
Equity Theory
ExplanationSuggests that perceptions of fairness in outcomes relative to inputs influence motivation.
#7
Who proposed the Equity Theory of Motivation?
J. Stacy Adams
ExplanationIntroduced the Equity Theory, which suggests individuals compare their inputs and outcomes to others to determine fairness.
#8
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in influencing employee motivation?
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
ExplanationIdentifies factors such as hygiene and motivators as key to understanding employee motivation.
#9
Which theory suggests that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others and may become demotivated if they perceive inequity?
Equity Theory
ExplanationPosits that perceived fairness in outcomes relative to inputs affects motivation.
#10
Which theory suggests that people are motivated by their belief that their effort will lead to performance, which will be rewarded?
Expectancy Theory
ExplanationBased on the premise that individuals expect their effort to lead to a certain level of performance and outcomes.
#11
According to McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, which theory assumes that employees inherently dislike work and must be coerced, controlled, and directed?
Theory X
ExplanationTheory X assumes employees inherently dislike work and need to be closely controlled and coerced.
#12
Which theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the belief that their effort will result in a certain level of performance and that this performance will be followed by specific outcomes?
Expectancy Theory
ExplanationFocuses on the expectation that effort leads to performance and performance leads to desired outcomes.
#13
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following factors is considered a hygiene factor?
Salary
ExplanationConsidered a hygiene factor as it prevents dissatisfaction but doesn't directly motivate.
#14
Who is known for proposing the Theory Z, which emphasizes the importance of employee involvement and participation in decision-making?
William Ouchi
ExplanationWilliam Ouchi introduced Theory Z, stressing employee involvement in decision-making.
#15
Who introduced the concept of Self-Determination Theory, emphasizing intrinsic motivation and the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Edward Deci and Richard Ryan
ExplanationEdward Deci and Richard Ryan introduced the Self-Determination Theory, highlighting intrinsic motivation and psychological needs.