#1
Which of the following is a characteristic of intrinsic motivation?
Motivation from within oneself
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation stems from internal desires and drives.
#2
Which motivational theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, including physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
ExplanationMaslow's theory states that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with basic needs at the bottom.
#3
Which motivational theory emphasizes the role of perceived fairness in determining motivation?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory highlights the importance of fairness perceptions in motivating behavior.
#4
Which motivational theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Self-determination theory
ExplanationSelf-determination theory emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness as motivational factors.
#5
Which motivational theory proposes that individuals are motivated by the perceived fairness of outcomes relative to inputs compared to others?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory suggests that individuals gauge motivation based on perceived fairness in outcomes compared to inputs.
#6
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before self-actualization can be achieved?
Belongingness and love needs
ExplanationSelf-actualization follows the fulfillment of belongingness and love needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
#7
What theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated to perform certain behaviors because they are expecting a reward or avoiding punishment?
Reinforcement theory
ExplanationReinforcement theory posits that behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments.
#8
Which theory suggests that individuals compare their input-output ratios to those of others and may become demotivated if they perceive an inequity?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory posits that people assess fairness in outcomes relative to inputs.
#9
What is the term used to describe the process of modifying one's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to achieve a goal?
Self-regulation
ExplanationSelf-regulation involves managing one's actions, emotions, and thoughts to attain objectives.
#10
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are driven by three primary needs: achievement, affiliation, and power?
Acquired needs theory
ExplanationAcquired needs theory posits that individuals are motivated by achievement, affiliation, and power.
#11
What term describes the process of attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to someone else?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is attributing one's own thoughts or feelings to another person or group.
#12
What is the term used to describe the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy refers to the belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks and influence outcomes.
#13
Which motivation theory emphasizes the role of three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Self-determination theory
ExplanationSelf-determination theory highlights the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in motivation.
#14
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which factors are considered hygiene factors that, when absent, can lead to dissatisfaction but when present, do not necessarily lead to satisfaction?
Salary and benefits
ExplanationSalary and benefits are hygiene factors in Herzberg's theory, affecting dissatisfaction if inadequate.
#15
What term describes the process of shaping behavior by reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior?
Operant conditioning
ExplanationOperant conditioning involves reinforcing behaviors to shape them towards desired outcomes.
#16
In Herzberg's two-factor theory, what are considered motivator factors that, when present, can lead to satisfaction and motivation?
Achievement and recognition
ExplanationAchievement and recognition are motivator factors that enhance satisfaction according to Herzberg.
#17
What term describes the extent to which individuals believe they can perform a specific task or reach a specific goal?
Self-efficacy
ExplanationSelf-efficacy refers to the confidence in one's ability to accomplish tasks or goals.