#1
Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder
ExplanationASD is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior.
#2
What is a characteristic feature of dyslexia?
Difficulty with reading and writing
ExplanationDyslexia involves difficulties in reading, writing, and spelling despite normal intelligence.
#3
Which of the following is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
ExplanationASD is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with core features in social, communication, and behavioral domains.
#4
What term describes a condition where an individual has difficulty understanding and using spoken language?
Dysphasia
ExplanationDysphasia refers to language difficulties, including comprehension and expression.
#5
What is a common symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
Delayed motor development
ExplanationFAS, caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, can lead to various physical and cognitive impairments, including delayed motor development.
#6
Which neurotransmitter is often implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine dysregulation is associated with ADHD symptoms like inattention and impulsivity.
#7
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Enhanced empathy
ExplanationIndividuals with ASD often struggle with social interactions, including challenges in understanding and expressing empathy.
#8
What is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and developmental delay?
Fragile X syndrome
ExplanationFragile X syndrome, caused by a genetic mutation, is a leading cause of intellectual disability and developmental delay.
#9
Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by repetitive stereotyped movements, such as hand-flapping, and a decline in motor and cognitive abilities?
Rett syndrome
ExplanationRett syndrome primarily affects girls and involves loss of purposeful hand skills, motor regression, and repetitive movements.
#10
Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
ExplanationASD encompasses a range of symptoms affecting social communication and behavior.
#11
What brain region is primarily affected in individuals with Down syndrome?
Cerebral cortex
ExplanationDown syndrome involves an extra copy of chromosome 21, affecting the development of various body systems, including the cerebral cortex.
#12
Which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected in individuals with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine dysregulation is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
#13
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Williams syndrome?
Distinctive facial features and a friendly, outgoing personality
ExplanationWilliams syndrome is characterized by unique facial features, cognitive strengths, and a highly social and friendly personality.
#14
Which neurotransmitter system is often implicated in anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin dysregulation is associated with anxiety disorders.
#15
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with mood disorders such as depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationSerotonin imbalance is implicated in the etiology of mood disorders, including depression.