#1
1. In the context of developmental psychology, what does the term 'nature' refer to?
Genetic and inherited factors
ExplanationNature refers to genetic and inherited factors influencing development.
#2
2. Which developmental theorist is associated with the concept of 'nurture' and the importance of environmental influences?
B.F. Skinner
ExplanationB.F. Skinner emphasized the importance of environmental influences on behavior, highlighting the concept of nurture.
#3
3. What is the primary focus of the nature vs. nurture debate in developmental psychology?
Determining the role of genetics in behavior
ExplanationThe debate focuses on understanding the extent to which genetics influence behavior compared to environmental factors.
#4
6. What is the critical period hypothesis in the context of nature vs. nurture?
A specific time frame for optimal learning and development
ExplanationIt suggests that there are specific windows of time during development when an organism is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli.
#5
9. According to the 'bioecological model,' how does development occur?
Through the interdependence of biological, psychological, and environmental factors
ExplanationDevelopment is viewed as a product of interactions between the individual's biology, psychology, and the surrounding environment.
#6
12. How do adoption studies contribute to the nature vs. nurture debate?
By highlighting the importance of genetic factors
ExplanationAdoption studies compare adopted individuals with their biological and adoptive families, revealing the influence of genetics on various traits.
#7
13. What is the 'sensitive period' in development, as discussed in the nature vs. nurture debate?
A time when individuals are particularly responsive to specific experiences
ExplanationIt's a developmental stage during which organisms are most sensitive to particular environmental stimuli, crucial for proper development.
#8
4. According to the interactionist view, what does the nature vs. nurture debate emphasize?
The dynamic interplay between genetics and environment
ExplanationThe debate underscores the complex interaction between genetic predispositions and environmental influences.
#9
5. How do twin studies contribute to the nature vs. nurture debate?
By highlighting the role of genetics
ExplanationTwin studies demonstrate the impact of genetics by comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins raised in different environments.
#10
7. Which factor does epigenetics primarily focus on in the nature vs. nurture debate?
Environmental influences on gene expression
ExplanationEpigenetics examines how environmental factors influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.
#11
8. What is the 'heritability index' used to measure in behavioral genetics?
The overall genetic contribution to individual differences in a trait
ExplanationIt quantifies the extent to which genetic differences contribute to observed variations in a trait within a population.
#12
10. What does the concept of 'gene-environment interaction' propose?
A dynamic interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors
ExplanationIt suggests that genes and environment interact to influence an individual's traits or behaviors.
#13
11. According to the theory of evolution, what role does nature play in the development of species?
It interacts with environmental factors to drive species development
ExplanationNature, through genetic variation and natural selection, interacts with environmental factors to shape the evolution of species.