#1
Which European power played a significant role in the Age of Exploration and expansion during the 15th and 16th centuries?
Portugal
ExplanationPortugal was a leading maritime power known for its exploration and expansion during this period.
#2
What is the term for the economic theory that a nation's wealth is measured by its accumulation of precious metals, such as gold and silver?
Mercantilism
ExplanationMercantilism advocated for a favorable balance of trade and the accumulation of wealth through exports and the acquisition of precious metals.
#3
Which motive for expansion and conquest was characterized by a desire to spread a specific religion to new territories?
Religious
ExplanationReligious expansion involved spreading the influence and doctrines of a particular faith to new regions.
#4
Which conquistador is best known for the conquest of the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century?
Hernán Cortés
ExplanationHernán Cortés led the Spanish expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico.
#5
During the Age of Exploration, what was the main goal of the search for the Northwest Passage?
To find a shorter route to Asia
ExplanationThe Northwest Passage was sought as a direct route to Asia, bypassing the long and dangerous sea routes around Africa.
#6
What was the primary economic motive for European expansion and conquest during the Age of Exploration?
Trade and commerce
ExplanationThe pursuit of new trade routes and commercial opportunities drove European expansion.
#7
Which explorer is credited with circumnavigating the globe during the first expedition (1519-1522)?
Ferdinand Magellan
ExplanationFerdinand Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the Earth, although he did not survive the entire journey.
#8
Which ancient civilization is known for its extensive territorial conquests under the leadership of Alexander the Great?
Greek Empire
ExplanationUnder Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire expanded across vast territories, spreading Hellenistic culture.
#9
During the Age of Exploration, what was the name of the trade route connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, which involved the exchange of goods, animals, and diseases?
Columbian Exchange
ExplanationThe Columbian Exchange facilitated the global transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases.
#10
What was the main objective of the American policy of Manifest Destiny in the 19th century?
Expansion of democratic ideals
ExplanationManifest Destiny was the belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent, often driven by ideals of democracy and cultural superiority.
#11
Which Asian country resisted Western imperialism and successfully modernized in the 19th century, becoming a major world power?
Japan
ExplanationJapan modernized rapidly in the 19th century, adopting Western technology and organizational methods to resist colonization and become a significant global power.
#12
What term is commonly used to describe the policy of extending a nation's power and influence through diplomacy or military force?
Imperialism
ExplanationImperialism involves the expansion of a nation's authority over other territories through various means.
#13
During the scramble for Africa in the late 19th century, which European nations convened at the Berlin Conference to regulate and coordinate their colonization efforts in Africa?
All major European powers
ExplanationThe Berlin Conference brought together European powers to establish rules for African colonization, with no African representation.
#14
Which European power established the first permanent European settlement in the Americas in 1492?
Spain
ExplanationSpain established the first European settlement in the Americas with the founding of Hispaniola.
#15
What political ideology and practice involve the extension of a nation's power and influence by direct or indirect control over other territories and peoples?
Colonialism
ExplanationColonialism involves the control and exploitation of distant territories and peoples for economic or strategic gain.
#16
In the context of European exploration, what was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?
Established the division of the New World between Spain and Portugal
ExplanationThe Treaty of Tordesillas divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands.
#17
Which African leader played a crucial role in resisting European colonization and maintaining Ethiopian independence during the Scramble for Africa?
Haile Selassie
ExplanationHaile Selassie was a prominent figure in Ethiopian resistance against Italian colonization and efforts to maintain Ethiopian sovereignty.