#1
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need must be fulfilled first before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Safety needs
ExplanationSafety needs must be fulfilled before addressing higher-level needs.
#2
Which of the following is NOT one of the core needs proposed by Alderfer's ERG theory?
Efficiency
ExplanationEfficiency is not a core need in Alderfer's ERG theory.
#3
Which of the following is NOT a component of Locke's Goal-Setting Theory?
Goal achievement
ExplanationGoal achievement is not a component of Locke's Goal-Setting Theory.
#4
Which theory of motivation proposes that individuals are motivated by the desire to fulfill three basic needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory proposes motivation from autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
#5
Which of the following theories suggests that motivation arises from individuals' desire to reduce the gap between their current state and a desired state?
Goal-Setting Theory
ExplanationGoal-Setting Theory suggests motivation comes from reducing the gap between current and desired states.
#6
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?
Self-determination theory
ExplanationSelf-determination theory emphasizes competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
#7
Who proposed the Two-Factor Theory of motivation?
Frederick Herzberg
ExplanationTwo-Factor Theory of motivation was proposed by Frederick Herzberg.
#8
Who developed the Theory X and Theory Y of management styles?
Douglas McGregor
ExplanationTheory X and Theory Y of management styles were developed by Douglas McGregor.
#9
According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, which need is characterized by the desire to control and influence others?
Power
ExplanationDesire to control and influence others characterizes Power need in McClelland's theory.
#10
Who proposed the Equity Theory of motivation?
J. Stacy Adams
ExplanationEquity Theory of motivation was proposed by J. Stacy Adams.
#11
What does the acronym ERG stand for in Alderfer's ERG theory?
Existence, Relatedness, Growth
ExplanationERG stands for Existence, Relatedness, Growth in Alderfer's theory.
#12
According to Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory, what is the formula for motivation?
M = E * I * V
ExplanationMotivation is calculated using M = E * I * V formula in Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory.
#13
Which motivation theory suggests that individuals compare their input-output ratios with those of others and adjust their efforts accordingly?
Equity Theory
ExplanationEquity Theory suggests individuals adjust efforts based on comparing input-output ratios.
#14
In the context of motivation, what does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
ExplanationSMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound in motivation.
#15
Who developed the Job Characteristics Model (JCM), which focuses on the core dimensions of jobs that lead to intrinsic motivation?
Hackman and Oldham
ExplanationHackman and Oldham developed the Job Characteristics Model (JCM).
#16
Which of the following is NOT one of the core needs proposed by Herzberg in his Two-Factor Theory?
Achievement needs
ExplanationAchievement needs are not core needs in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.
#17
Who developed the Self-Efficacy Theory, which emphasizes the role of individuals' beliefs in their capabilities to produce desired effects?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationSelf-Efficacy Theory was developed by Albert Bandura.