#1
Which of the following is a basic need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Safety
ExplanationBasic need for security and protection.
#2
According to Maslow, what category of needs includes self-esteem and the desire for respect from others?
Esteem needs
ExplanationNeeds related to self-worth and recognition by others.
#3
In the context of motivation, what is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
A law describing the relationship between arousal and performance
ExplanationPerformance increases with arousal, up to a point, then decreases.
#4
What is the primary concept behind Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
The distinction between hygiene factors and motivators
ExplanationFactors categorized into hygiene and motivational factors.
#5
According to Douglas McGregor, what are the two contrasting views of human nature in the workplace?
Theory X and Theory Y
ExplanationDiffering assumptions about employee motivation and management.
#6
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, what are the factors that contribute to job satisfaction?
Both a and b
ExplanationFactors include hygiene factors and motivators.
#7
In the context of motivation, what is the Hawthorne effect?
The impact of social factors on productivity
ExplanationPhenomenon where subjects modify behavior in response to being observed.
#8
What is the concept of 'ERG Theory' in motivation psychology?
A theory that combines elements of Herzberg's and Maslow's theories
ExplanationTheory integrating aspects of two prominent motivation theories.
#9
According to the Self-Determination Theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness
ExplanationBasic needs influencing intrinsic motivation.
#10
What is the role of extrinsic motivation in human behavior?
Motivation arising from external rewards or punishments
ExplanationBehavior driven by external incentives or consequences.
#11
Which theory suggests that individuals are motivated by three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power?
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
ExplanationTheory proposing three primary motivating needs.
#12
What is the primary focus of Vroom's Expectancy Theory?
The connection between individual effort, performance, and outcomes
ExplanationTheory emphasizing the relationship between effort, performance, and rewards.
#13
What term refers to the psychological discomfort or tension that arises when a person's behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes or beliefs?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationConflict between actions and beliefs causing discomfort.
#14
According to Locke and Latham's Goal-Setting Theory, what type of goals are more likely to lead to high performance?
Difficult but achievable goals
ExplanationChallenging goals that are attainable drive performance.
#15
According to Alderfer's ERG Theory, what is the relationship between the three categories of needs?
They can be pursued simultaneously
ExplanationIndividuals may pursue multiple needs concurrently.