#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of motivation according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Extraneous needs
ExplanationExtraneous needs are not part of Maslow's hierarchy; the correct components are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
#2
Which theory of motivation suggests that individuals are motivated by the desire to satisfy a hierarchy of needs?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationThis theory posits that individuals fulfill needs in a hierarchical order, starting from basic needs to higher-level needs.
#3
What is the term used to describe the process of choosing from among several alternatives?
Decision-making
ExplanationDecision-making involves selecting the best course of action from various alternatives.
#4
Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator?
Enjoyment of the task
ExplanationIntrinsic motivators come from within, and enjoyment of the task is an example where motivation arises internally.
#5
What is the term used to describe a discrepancy between an individual's current state and their desired state?
Motivational gap
ExplanationA motivational gap is the difference between an individual's current and desired states, leading to motivation.
#6
According to SMART criteria for goal setting, what does the 'R' stand for?
Realistic
ExplanationSMART criteria include Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound; 'R' refers to setting goals that are realistic.
#7
Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation suggests that motivation depends on:
Both a and b
ExplanationVroom's theory asserts that motivation is influenced by the expectancy of effort leading to performance (a) and the belief that performance leads to desired outcomes (b).
#8
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power?
McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
ExplanationMcClelland's theory focuses on three psychological needs: achievement, affiliation, and power as key motivators.
#9
According to Locke and Latham's goal-setting theory, which of the following factors enhances goal commitment?
All of the above
ExplanationFactors like clarity, challenge, and feedback enhance goal commitment according to Locke and Latham's theory.
#10
Which theory suggests that individuals compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others and strive to maintain equity in their relationships?
Equity theory
ExplanationEquity theory posits that individuals seek fairness in their social relationships by comparing input and outcomes with others.
#11
What is the concept in goal setting theory which refers to the need for goals to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound?
SMART criteria
ExplanationSMART criteria ensure effective goal setting by making goals Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a well-structured goal according to goal-setting theory?
Vague and unclear
ExplanationWell-structured goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) and should not be vague or unclear.
#13
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of ineffective goal setting?
Increased commitment
ExplanationIneffective goal setting can lead to various negative consequences, but increased commitment is not one of them.
#14
According to Locke and Latham, which of the following is a characteristic of an effective goal?
It is challenging but achievable
ExplanationEffective goals, according to Locke and Latham, should be challenging yet achievable to motivate individuals.