#1
Which theory suggests that motivation is driven by the desire to fulfill physiological needs?
Drive Reduction Theory
ExplanationMotivation is based on reducing physiological needs to maintain balance (homeostasis).
#2
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is linked to the brain's pleasure and reward system.
#3
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be fulfilled before higher-level needs can be addressed?
Physiological needs
ExplanationBasic physiological needs must be satisfied before addressing higher-level needs in the hierarchy.
#4
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions proposed by psychologist Paul Ekman?
Envy
ExplanationEnvy is not considered one of the basic emotions proposed by Paul Ekman.
#5
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Self-Determination Theory proposed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan?
Expectancy
ExplanationExpectancy is not a component of the Self-Determination Theory.
#6
According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
U-shaped
ExplanationA moderate level of arousal is optimal for performance; too little or too much can hinder it.
#7
What is the term for the theory that suggests emotion results from the interpretation of bodily reactions?
James-Lange Theory
ExplanationEmotion arises from interpreting physiological responses.
#8
What is the term for the process by which an individual seeks to maintain consistency among their thoughts, feelings, and actions?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationCognitive dissonance is the discomfort from inconsistency, motivating individuals to align thoughts, feelings, and actions.
#9
Which brain structure plays a crucial role in the experience and regulation of emotions?
Amygdala
ExplanationThe amygdala is essential for processing and regulating emotions.
#10
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what effect does facial expression have on emotions?
Facial expressions can intensify emotions.
ExplanationFacial expressions can enhance emotional experiences according to the facial feedback hypothesis.
#11
Which motivational theory emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation and the fulfillment of psychological needs?
Self-Determination Theory
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation and psychological needs drive behavior in the Self-Determination Theory.
#12
According to the achievement motivation theory, individuals with a high need for achievement prefer tasks that offer what level of challenge?
Moderate challenge
ExplanationIndividuals with a high need for achievement prefer tasks with moderate challenge in the achievement motivation theory.
#13
Which theory suggests that the experience of emotion is a result of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal?
Schachter-Singer Theory
ExplanationEmotion results from physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation in the Schachter-Singer Theory.
#14
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which factors are related to job satisfaction?
Motivational factors
ExplanationJob satisfaction is linked to motivational factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.
#15
According to the Drive Reduction Theory, what is the primary motivation behind behavior?
Maintaining homeostasis
ExplanationThe primary motivation behind behavior is maintaining homeostasis in the Drive Reduction Theory.