#1
Which theory of motivation suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to higher-level needs?
Hierarchy of needs theory
ExplanationBasic needs are prioritized over higher-level needs in motivation.
#2
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic emotions proposed by psychologist Paul Ekman?
Envy
ExplanationEnvy is not among the basic emotions identified by Paul Ekman.
#3
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is closely linked with pleasure and reward sensations.
#4
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases an individual's response to that stimulus?
Habituation
ExplanationDecreased response to a stimulus due to repeated exposure is termed habituation.
#5
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic needs proposed by Abraham Maslow in his hierarchy of needs?
Affiliation needs
ExplanationAffiliation needs are not part of Maslow's hierarchy of basic needs.
#6
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which needs must be satisfied before an individual is motivated by esteem needs?
Love and belongingness needs
ExplanationEsteem needs follow the fulfillment of love and belongingness needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
#7
What term is used to describe the concept of being driven by the desire to engage in activities because they are inherently enjoyable and satisfying?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationEngagement in activities for inherent enjoyment characterizes intrinsic motivation.
#8
What is the term used to describe the psychological state of being pulled in multiple directions by opposing motives?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationCognitive dissonance describes the conflict between opposing motives.
#9
What is the term used to describe the tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms preexisting beliefs and attitudes?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias involves favoring information that confirms existing beliefs.
#10
Which theory of motivation proposes that behavior is motivated by the desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal?
Yerkes-Dodson law
ExplanationBehavior is motivated by the need to maintain an optimal arousal level as per Yerkes-Dodson law.
#11
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, which of the following occurs simultaneously in response to a stimulus?
Physiological arousal and emotional experience
ExplanationPhysiological arousal and emotional experience happen concurrently in Cannon-Bard theory.
#12
Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of emotion according to the James-Lange theory?
Cognitive appraisal
ExplanationCognitive appraisal is not a component in James-Lange theory of emotion.
#13
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, what are the two factors that are necessary to experience an emotion?
Physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation
ExplanationEmotion requires both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation according to the two-factor theory.
#14
Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion identified by psychologist Robert Plutchik?
Anticipation
ExplanationAnticipation is not among the primary emotions identified by Robert Plutchik.
#15
According to self-determination theory, what are the three innate psychological needs that drive human behavior?
Autonomy, competence, relatedness
ExplanationAutonomy, competence, and relatedness are the innate psychological needs driving human behavior as per self-determination theory.