#1
Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is motivated by the desire to satisfy physiological needs?
Drive Reduction Theory
ExplanationBehavior is driven by the need to reduce physiological imbalances or drives.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is linked with feelings of pleasure, reward, and reinforcement.
#3
Who proposed the concept of the 'hierarchy of needs'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow introduced the theory of human motivation known as the hierarchy of needs.
#4
What is the term for the psychological discomfort that arises from holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
ExplanationCognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort caused by contradictory beliefs or attitudes.
#5
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the 'hierarchy of needs'?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is credited with developing the hierarchy of needs theory.
#6
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, as well as addiction?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is linked with pleasure, reward, and addiction pathways in the brain.
#7
Who proposed the Two-Factor Theory of emotion?
Stanley Schachter
ExplanationEmotions result from the interaction between physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.
#8
According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the relationship between arousal and performance?
Arousal and performance have a U-shaped relationship.
ExplanationPerformance increases with arousal, but only to a certain point; excessive arousal can impede performance.
#9
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, what happens simultaneously when an emotional stimulus is encountered?
Physical arousal and subjective emotion occur simultaneously.
ExplanationEmotional responses and physiological reactions occur independently but simultaneously.
#10
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic emotions proposed by Paul Ekman?
Confidence
ExplanationConfidence is not considered one of the basic universal emotions.
#11
Which brain structure plays a key role in the processing of emotions, particularly fear?
Amygdala
ExplanationThe amygdala is central to the processing of emotions, especially fear responses.
#12
Which theory suggests that emotions arise from the interpretation of bodily responses and the situational context?
Schachter-Singer Theory
ExplanationEmotions result from both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of the situation.
#13
Which of the following is NOT one of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Admiration
ExplanationAdmiration is not a category in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
#14
Which type of motivation involves engaging in activities for the inherent enjoyment or satisfaction derived from the activity itself?
Intrinsic motivation
ExplanationIntrinsic motivation is driven by internal rewards rather than external incentives.
#15
Who developed the Self-Determination Theory, which emphasizes intrinsic motivation and three basic psychological needs?
Richard Ryan and Edward Deci
ExplanationSelf-Determination Theory emphasizes autonomy, competence, and relatedness as essential for intrinsic motivation.
#16
What term refers to the emotional experience of being pulled between two opposing desires or goals?
Ambivalence
ExplanationAmbivalence describes the conflicted state between opposing desires or goals.