#1
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder?
Persistent sadness
ExplanationA common and enduring mood state in major depression.
#2
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with depression?
Serotonin
ExplanationLinked to mood regulation; low levels associated with depression.
#3
Which of the following is a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Excessive worrying
ExplanationPersistent and excessive anxiety and worry.
#4
What is a key feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Flashbacks and nightmares
ExplanationIntrusive memories and re-experiencing of traumatic events.
#5
Which neurotransmitter is often associated with schizophrenia?
Dopamine
ExplanationOveractivity of dopamine pathways linked to psychotic symptoms.
#6
What is a common symptom of seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
Excessive sleeping
ExplanationIncreased sleepiness and fatigue during specific seasons.
#7
Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?
Excessive guilt
ExplanationFeelings of excessive guilt or worthlessness.
#8
What is the primary characteristic of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?
Chronic low mood
ExplanationLong-term, mild depressive symptoms persisting over years.
#9
Which of the following is a symptom of bipolar disorder?
Hyperactivity
ExplanationPeriods of elevated mood often accompanied by increased energy.
#10
What is the primary characteristic of cyclothymic disorder?
Episodes of mania and depression not meeting full criteria
ExplanationMood swings less severe than bipolar disorder.
#11
What is a characteristic feature of bipolar disorder?
Alternating episodes of depression and mania
ExplanationDistinct periods of elevated and depressed mood.
#12
Which of the following is NOT a type of mood disorder?
Schizophrenia
ExplanationSchizophrenia is a psychotic disorder, not a mood disorder.
#13
What is the primary characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD)?
Unstable relationships and emotions
ExplanationInstability in mood, behavior, and relationships.
#14
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Impulsivity
ExplanationOCD involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, not impulsivity.
#15
Which of the following is NOT a mood stabilizer commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
Benzodiazepines
ExplanationBenzodiazepines are primarily used for anxiety, not bipolar disorder.
#16
What is a characteristic feature of major depressive disorder with psychotic features?
Hallucinations and delusions
ExplanationPresence of hallucinations or delusions alongside depressive symptoms.
#17
Which of the following is a common treatment for mood disorders?
Antidepressants
ExplanationMedications targeting depressive symptoms and mood stabilization.
#18
What is a hallmark symptom of schizoaffective disorder?
Episodes of mania or depression along with psychosis
ExplanationPresence of mood episodes and psychotic symptoms.
#19
Which of the following is a common symptom of panic disorder?
Palpitations and chest pain
ExplanationSudden and intense episodes of fear and physical symptoms.
#20
What is a typical feature of avoidant personality disorder?
Social withdrawal due to fear of rejection
ExplanationAvoidance of social situations due to fear of criticism or rejection.
#21
What is the term for a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of hypomania and depression?
Cyclothymic disorder
ExplanationA milder form of bipolar disorder with frequent mood swings.
#22
What is a common feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Memory loss
ExplanationPresence of multiple distinct identities or personality states.
#23
Which of the following is a common comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Autism spectrum disorder
ExplanationOften co-occur due to shared genetic and neurological factors.
#24
Which of the following is a common cognitive distortion associated with depression?
All-or-nothing thinking
ExplanationTendency to see situations in extremes, either all good or all bad.
#25
Which of the following is NOT a feature of narcissistic personality disorder?
Excessive self-doubt
ExplanationNarcissistic individuals often have an inflated sense of self-worth.