#1
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
ExplanationHelicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.
#2
What is the term for the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?
Transcription
ExplanationTranscription is the process of RNA synthesis from a DNA template.
#3
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for sealing nicks in the backbone of the newly synthesized DNA during replication?
Ligase
ExplanationLigase seals nicks in the backbone of newly synthesized DNA during replication.
#4
During translation, which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
ExplanationtRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
#5
In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
ExplanationDNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
#6
Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide in DNA?
Uracil base
ExplanationUracil base is not a component of a nucleotide in DNA; it's found in RNA.
#7
What is the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?
Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
ExplanationDNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.
#8
Which of the following DNA repair mechanisms is specifically involved in repairing thymine dimers caused by UV radiation?
Nucleotide excision repair
ExplanationNucleotide excision repair specifically repairs thymine dimers caused by UV radiation.
#9
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
The genetic code is universal in all organisms
ExplanationThe genetic code is universal, meaning it's the same in all organisms.
#10
In eukaryotes, where does mRNA processing, including splicing and addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail, occur?
Nucleus
ExplanationmRNA processing occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
#11
Which of the following best describes the role of telomerase?
Adds telomeres to the ends of linear chromosomes
ExplanationTelomerase adds telomeres to the ends of linear chromosomes, preventing their shortening.