#1
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
Presence of a cell membrane
ExplanationViruses lack cell membrane, unlike cells.
#2
What is the genetic material of most viruses?
Both DNA and RNA
ExplanationViruses can have either DNA or RNA as genetic material, or sometimes both.
#3
What is the function of the viral capsid?
To package and protect viral genetic material
ExplanationCapsid encloses and protects the viral genetic material.
#4
What is the name of the process by which a virus releases newly formed virions from the host cell?
Budding
ExplanationBudding is the process of viral release from the host cell.
#5
Which retrovirus is known to cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans?
HIV
ExplanationHIV is the retrovirus responsible for AIDS.
#6
Which enzyme is responsible for the reverse transcription process in retroviruses?
Reverse transcriptase
ExplanationReverse transcriptase converts viral RNA into DNA.
#7
What is the role of integrase in the retroviral life cycle?
Incorporates viral DNA into host genome
ExplanationIntegrase integrates viral DNA into the host cell's genome.
#8
Which of the following is a common method used by viruses to enter host cells?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
ExplanationViruses often enter host cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis.
#9
Which of the following is NOT a retrovirus?
Influenza virus
ExplanationInfluenza virus is not a retrovirus; it belongs to a different viral family.
#10
What is the primary target of HIV in the human body?
T lymphocytes
ExplanationHIV primarily infects and targets T lymphocytes.
#11
Which of the following is a key feature of retroviruses?
Integration of viral genome into host DNA
ExplanationRetroviruses integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA.
#12
What is the function of the HIV protein gp120?
Viral entry by binding to CD4 receptors
Explanationgp120 facilitates viral entry by binding to CD4 receptors on host cells.
#13
What is the function of the HIV protein p24?
Forming the viral capsid
Explanationp24 protein is essential in forming the HIV viral capsid structure.