Molecular Biology - DNA Structure and Function Quiz

Ribose sugar is not part of the DNA nucleotide; instead, deoxyribose sugar is found in DNA.

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together.

Transcription is the process that describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

Thymine is a nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA; RNA contains uracil instead.

Adenine is a purine base found in DNA, along with guanine.

Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication.

Antiparallel arrangement in DNA structure refers to the fact that the two strands run in opposite directions.

Ligase plays a role in DNA replication by joining Okazaki fragments, sealing the gaps in the lagging strand.

The semi-conservative model of DNA replication states that each daughter DNA molecule contains one strand from the parent and one newly synthesized strand.

The '5 prime to 3 prime' direction in DNA synthesis is significant because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand.

The Central Dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus.

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, serving as a template for protein synthesis.

The promoter region in gene expression signals RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.

snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is involved in splicing in eukaryotes, contributing to the removal of introns during RNA processing.