#1
Which of the following is NOT a model of stress and health?
Cognitive-behavioral model
ExplanationThis model focuses on how thoughts and behaviors influence stress and health outcomes.
#2
According to the transactional model of stress, which of the following represents a stressor?
An unexpected financial bill
ExplanationA stressor is anything that causes stress. In this model, stress arises from the interaction between individuals and their environment.
#3
The biopsychosocial model of stress emphasizes the influence of which factors on health?
Biological, psychological, and social factors
ExplanationThis model considers the complex interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding stress and health.
#4
Which model of stress suggests that individuals evaluate stressors through primary and secondary appraisals?
Cognitive appraisal model
ExplanationThis model proposes that individuals assess stressors in two stages: primary appraisal (evaluation of significance) and secondary appraisal (evaluation of resources).
#5
According to the general adaptation syndrome, which stage involves the body's resources being mobilized to cope with the stressor?
Alarm reaction
ExplanationIn this stage, the body prepares to confront the stressor by activating physiological responses.
#6
Which model of stress suggests that stress results from a lack of fit between an individual and their environment?
Person-environment fit model
ExplanationThis model emphasizes the importance of compatibility between individuals and their environment to minimize stress.
#7
According to Lazarus and Folkman, which type of coping involves attempting to change the stressor itself?
Problem-focused coping
ExplanationThis coping strategy aims to alter the stressor or its effects directly.
#8
In the transactional model of stress, which stage involves efforts to manage or cope with the stressor?
Coping
ExplanationThis stage involves strategies individuals employ to deal with the stressor.
#9
Which model of stress suggests that stress results from an imbalance between demands and resources?
Demand-control model
ExplanationThis model posits that stress arises when demands exceed an individual's perceived control or resources.
#10
In the cognitive appraisal model, which stage involves evaluating whether the individual has resources to cope with the stressor?
Secondary appraisal
ExplanationThis stage assesses the resources available to deal with the stressor after its significance has been determined.
#11
Which model of stress focuses on the interaction between psychological factors and the immune system?
Psychoneuroimmunology model
ExplanationThis model explores the relationship between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system.
#12
According to the transactional model of stress, which stage involves determining the significance of the stressor?
Primary appraisal
ExplanationIn this stage, individuals assess the potential harm, threat, or challenge posed by the stressor.