#1
In the DNA double helix, adenine pairs with which other base?
Thymine
ExplanationAdenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds.
#2
Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA double helix during replication?
DNA helicase
ExplanationDNA helicase unwinds the double helix during replication.
#3
In the context of DNA, what does the term 'complementary' mean?
Having opposite sequences
ExplanationComplementary DNA strands have base pairs that match A-T and C-G.
#4
Which technique allows the amplification of specific DNA sequences in vitro?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
ExplanationPCR rapidly amplifies DNA sequences in vitro for analysis.
#5
What is the term for the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?
Transcription
ExplanationTranscription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
#6
Who is credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
ExplanationWatson and Crick elucidated the structure based on X-ray diffraction data.
#7
Which X-ray diffraction photograph provided crucial evidence for the structure of DNA?
Photograph 51
ExplanationPhotograph 51 revealed the helical structure of DNA.
#8
What is the role of RNA primase in DNA replication?
Adds RNA primers to the template strand
ExplanationRNA primase initiates DNA replication by adding RNA primers.
#9
What is the term for the sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid in a protein?
Codon
ExplanationCodons are the basic units of the genetic code, encoding amino acids.
#10
Which nitrogenous base is not found in RNA?
Thymine
ExplanationThymine is replaced by uracil in RNA.
#11
What is the name of the scientist who discovered that DNA is the genetic material of the cell?
Oswald Avery
ExplanationAvery demonstrated that DNA, not protein, carries genetic information.
#12
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
Adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
ExplanationDNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides.
#13
Which scientist proposed the model of DNA replication known as the 'semi-conservative model'?
Meselson and Stahl
ExplanationMeselson and Stahl confirmed DNA replication follows a semi-conservative pattern.
#14
Who discovered the enzyme DNA helicase?
Kornberg and Lehman
ExplanationKornberg and Lehman identified and characterized DNA helicase.
#15
What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
Joins Okazaki fragments
ExplanationDNA ligase seals the nicks between Okazaki fragments.