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Mendelian Genetics and Phenotypic Variation Quiz

#1

In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

3:1
Explanation

3 dominant : 1 recessive

#2

What is the term for the observable characteristics or traits of an organism?

Phenotype
Explanation

Observable traits

#3

What is the probability of rolling a die and getting a 3 or a 5?

1/6
Explanation

Probability of specific outcomes

#4

What term refers to the likelihood of an event occurring?

Probability
Explanation

Likelihood of an event

#5

What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals?

9:3:3:1
Explanation

Phenotypic outcome ratio

#6

What term refers to the observable expression of a specific trait?

Phenotype
Explanation

Observable trait expression

#7

What is the term for the alleles an organism possesses for a particular trait?

Genotype
Explanation

Alleles possessed by an organism

#8

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Alleles of the same gene separate into different gametes during meiosis.
Explanation

Alleles segregate during gamete formation.

#9

What is the likelihood of producing a homozygous recessive offspring from a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals?

1/16
Explanation

Probability of homozygous recessive

#10

Which of the following statements best describes epistasis?

One gene masks the effect of another gene at a different locus.
Explanation

Gene interaction affecting expression

#11

In a dihybrid cross, how many different gamete combinations are possible if the parents are heterozygous for both traits?

8
Explanation

Total combinations from independent assortment

#12

Which of the following accurately describes a test cross?

Crossing an individual with a dominant phenotype to a homozygous recessive individual
Explanation

Determining genotype through breeding

#13

What is the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads three times in a row?

1/8
Explanation

Probability of specific sequence

#14

In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation if both parents are heterozygous for both traits?

9:3:3:1
Explanation

Phenotypic ratio from independent assortment

#15

In incomplete dominance, what is the phenotype of the heterozygous individual?

Intermediate between the two homozygotes
Explanation

Blend of both homozygous phenotypes

#16

What phenomenon explains the occurrence of traits such as height and skin color that show a continuous range of variation?

Polygenic inheritance
Explanation

Multiple gene influence on phenotype

#17

Which of the following terms describes a situation where one gene has multiple phenotypic effects?

Pleiotropy
Explanation

Single gene, multiple effects

#18

Which of the following statements accurately describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Genes located on different chromosomes segregate independently.
Explanation

Independent inheritance of genes

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