#1
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)?
Constipation
ExplanationNSAIDs typically cause gastrointestinal irritation, including gastritis and peptic ulcers, but not constipation.
#2
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with a history of angioedema?
Lisinopril
ExplanationLisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can exacerbate angioedema in patients with a history of it.
#3
Which medication class is commonly associated with the adverse effect of photosensitivity?
Antibiotics
ExplanationCertain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines and sulfonamides, can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
#4
A patient with a history of heart failure should avoid which over-the-counter medication due to its potential to exacerbate fluid retention?
Ibuprofen
ExplanationNSAIDs like ibuprofen can worsen heart failure symptoms by causing fluid retention and reducing kidney function.
#5
Which medication class is commonly associated with the adverse effect of gingival hyperplasia?
Calcium channel blockers
ExplanationCalcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine and amlodipine, can cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect.
#6
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease should avoid which class of medications due to their potential to exacerbate ulcer formation?
Antacids
ExplanationAntacids can neutralize stomach acid, potentially worsening peptic ulcers by reducing the protective mucosal barrier.
#7
Which class of antibiotics is associated with the potential adverse effect of tendon rupture?
Fluoroquinolones
ExplanationFluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to increase the risk of tendon rupture.
#8
A patient presents with a history of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to penicillin. Which antibiotic should be avoided due to potential cross-reactivity?
Amoxicillin
ExplanationAmoxicillin, like penicillin, is a beta-lactam antibiotic, and cross-reactivity can occur in patients with a penicillin allergy.
#9
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of corticosteroids on long-term use?
Hyperglycemia
ExplanationCorticosteroids can induce insulin resistance and increase blood sugar levels, leading to hyperglycemia, especially with prolonged use.
#10
A patient with a sulfa allergy should avoid which commonly used antibiotic due to its structural similarity to sulfonamides?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
ExplanationTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole contains sulfamethoxazole, a sulfa drug, and can trigger allergic reactions in patients allergic to sulfa drugs.
#11
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to eggs?
Influenza vaccine
ExplanationSome influenza vaccines are produced using egg-based technology and may contain traces of egg proteins, which can trigger allergic reactions in individuals with egg allergies.
#12
A patient with a history of seizures should avoid which of the following medications due to its potential to lower the seizure threshold?
Tramadol
ExplanationTramadol can lower the seizure threshold, increasing the risk of seizures, particularly in patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
#13
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment due to the risk of hepatotoxicity?
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
ExplanationAcetaminophen can cause liver damage, especially in high doses or in individuals with liver impairment.
#14
Which of the following medications should be used cautiously in patients with a history of QT interval prolongation due to the risk of torsades de pointes?
Amiodarone
ExplanationAmiodarone can prolong the QT interval and increase the risk of torsades de pointes, particularly in patients with underlying QT prolongation.
#15
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with a known allergy to shellfish?
Enoxaparin
ExplanationEnoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, is derived from animal tissues, including shellfish, and can trigger allergic reactions in individuals with shellfish allergies.
#16
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with a known allergy to peanuts?
Amoxicillin
ExplanationAmoxicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic and does not contain peanut-derived ingredients; however, patients with a known peanut allergy may exhibit caution.
#17
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with a known allergy to latex?
Ceftriaxone
ExplanationCeftriaxone, a cephalosporin antibiotic, can contain latex in its packaging, which may cause allergic reactions in individuals allergic to latex.