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Medical Terminology and Endocrine System Quiz

#1

Which gland is often referred to as the 'master gland'?

Pituitary gland
Explanation

Regulates other glands and controls various bodily functions.

#2

What is the medical term for excessive thirst?

Polydipsia
Explanation

Excessive thirst, often a symptom of diabetes.

#3

What is the medical term for the voice box?

Larynx
Explanation

Part of the respiratory system involved in sound production.

#4

What is the medical term for inflammation of the thyroid gland?

Thyroiditis
Explanation

Can lead to thyroid dysfunction and swelling.

#5

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoietin
Explanation

Stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

#6

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Insulin
Explanation

Lowers blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake.

#7

What does the term 'hypothyroidism' refer to?

Underactive thyroid gland
Explanation

Insufficient production of thyroid hormones.

#8

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the body's metabolism?

Thyroxine
Explanation

Controls metabolism and energy production.

#9

What is the medical term for low blood sugar?

Hypoglycemia
Explanation

Dangerously low blood sugar levels.

#10

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the breasts?

Prolactin
Explanation

Stimulates milk synthesis and secretion.

#11

Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?

Parathyroid hormone
Explanation

Increases calcium levels by stimulating bone breakdown.

#12

Which endocrine gland is responsible for producing melatonin?

Pineal gland
Explanation

Regulates sleep patterns and circadian rhythm.

#13

What condition results from the excess production of growth hormone in adulthood?

Acromegaly
Explanation

Causes abnormal growth of hands, feet, and face.

#14

Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is produced in the pineal gland?

Melatonin
Explanation

Induces sleepiness and synchronizes the body's clock.

#15

What condition results from the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands?

Hyperaldosteronism
Explanation

Leads to sodium retention and potassium loss.

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