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Market Equilibrium and Supply-Demand Analysis Quiz

#1

What is market equilibrium?

When supply equals demand
Explanation

Balanced state where supply matches demand.

#2

What happens to price and quantity when there is excess demand in a market?

Price increases, quantity decreases
Explanation

Prices rise as demand surpasses supply, leading to reduced availability.

#3

What is the law of demand?

As price increases, quantity demanded decreases
Explanation

Consumers buy less as prices rise due to substitution and income effects.

#4

What does the supply curve represent?

The relationship between price and quantity supplied
Explanation

Illustrates the quantity of a good producers are willing to supply at various prices.

#5

What is a subsidy?

A payment made by the government to producers
Explanation

Financial support given to producers to encourage production or reduce costs.

#6

What is the relationship between price and quantity supplied?

Directly proportional
Explanation

As price rises, the quantity supplied increases and vice versa.

#7

What is the effect of an increase in demand on equilibrium price and quantity?

Price and quantity both increase
Explanation

Prices and quantities rise to meet higher demand levels.

#8

What is a price floor?

A government-imposed minimum price
Explanation

Legally set floor restricting prices from falling below a certain level.

#9

How does a technological advancement affect market equilibrium?

Increases supply, decreases price
Explanation

Enhances productivity leading to more supply and lower prices.

#10

What is a perfectly elastic demand curve?

A demand curve that is horizontal
Explanation

Quantity demanded changes infinitely with any change in price.

#11

What factors can cause a shift in the demand curve?

All of the above
Explanation

Various factors including income changes, preferences, and expectations.

#12

What is elasticity of demand?

A measure of how much quantity demanded changes with a change in price
Explanation

Quantifies the sensitivity of quantity demanded to price changes.

#13

What is a price ceiling?

A government-imposed maximum price
Explanation

Legally set upper limit on prices, often to protect consumers.

#14

What is the difference between a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand?

A change in quantity demanded is caused by a change in price, while a change in demand is caused by a factor other than price
Explanation

Change in quantity demanded due to price change; change in demand due to other factors.

#15

What is a luxury good?

A good for which demand decreases as income increases
Explanation

Items for which demand decreases as consumer income rises.

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