#1
Which of the following is a valid logical operator in programming?
&&
ExplanationLogical AND operator
#2
What is the result of 5 + 3 * 2?
13
ExplanationMultiplication has higher precedence than addition
#3
Which logical operator represents 'not equal to' in programming?
!=
ExplanationNot equal operator
#4
If x = 5 and y = 3, what is the result of !(x > y)?
true
ExplanationExpression evaluates to true because 5 is not greater than 3
#5
What is the purpose of using truth tables in logical reasoning?
To visualize the outcomes of logical operations
ExplanationTo represent possible truth values of logical expressions
#6
In propositional logic, what does 'p ∧ q' represent?
p AND q
ExplanationLogical AND operation between propositions p and q
#7
What is the negation of the statement 'If it is raining, then I will take an umbrella'?
It is not raining or I will not take an umbrella
ExplanationNegating a conditional statement results in a disjunction
#8
What does the XOR logical operator return if both inputs are true?
False
ExplanationReturns false as XOR requires exactly one input to be true
#9
Which logical fallacy is represented by the statement 'All dogs have tails. Fido has a tail. Therefore, Fido is a dog'?
Affirming the consequent
ExplanationInvalidly inferring the antecedent from the consequent
#10
What is the principle of explosion in logic?
The principle that allows any conclusion to be inferred from contradictory premises
ExplanationFrom contradiction, anything follows
#11
What is the Law of Excluded Middle in logic?
Every proposition is either true or false
ExplanationStates that no middle truth value exists
#12
In predicate logic, what does ∀x P(x) represent?
For all x, P(x) is true
ExplanationUniversal quantification of a predicate