#1
Which theorist is associated with the psychosocial development stages?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson proposed the psychosocial development stages emphasizing social and emotional development across the lifespan.
#2
What is the term for the loss of cognitive function commonly associated with aging?
Dementia
ExplanationDementia refers to the decline in cognitive abilities, including memory loss and reasoning, often associated with aging.
#3
Which of the following is a major criticism of the psychodynamic perspective in lifespan development?
It lacks empirical support
ExplanationCritics argue that the psychodynamic perspective lacks empirical evidence to support its claims about human development.
#4
What is the term for the cognitive process of adjusting existing schemas to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the cognitive process by which existing mental schemas are modified or new schemas are created to incorporate new information.
#5
In the context of lifespan development, what is the term for the gradual, systematic process of change that occurs over time?
Development
ExplanationDevelopment refers to the progressive and systematic changes in behavior, cognition, and social interactions across the lifespan.
#6
What is the main focus of the nature vs. nurture debate in lifespan development?
Genetics vs. Environment
ExplanationThe debate centers on whether genetics or environmental factors have a greater impact on human development.
#7
Which of the following is NOT one of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages?
Independence vs. Conformity
ExplanationIndependence vs. Conformity is not one of Erikson's psychosocial stages, which include Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, etc.
#8
Which of the following is a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
It neglects the influence of culture
ExplanationKohlberg's theory is criticized for overlooking the influence of cultural factors on moral development.
#9
At what age does the 'midlife crisis' typically occur, according to some psychological perspectives?
40s
ExplanationMidlife crisis is often associated with the 40s, marked by introspection and reevaluation of life goals.
#10
What is the primary focus of the attachment theory proposed by John Bowlby?
Emotional bonds between individuals
ExplanationAttachment theory emphasizes the emotional bonds formed between individuals, particularly between infants and caregivers.
#11
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, which stage occurs during infancy?
Sensorimotor
ExplanationThe sensorimotor stage is the first stage in Piaget's theory, focusing on sensory experiences and motor interactions.
#12
What is the concept of 'generativity' as proposed by Erik Erikson?
The concern for future generations
ExplanationGenerativity refers to the concern for future generations and the desire to contribute to society.
#13
What is the primary focus of the socioemotional selectivity theory in adulthood?
Social relationships
ExplanationThe theory highlights that as people age, they prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships over other social connections.
#14
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
Neighborhood
ExplanationNeighborhood is not one of the stages; Bronfenbrenner's theory includes microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.
#15
According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
The difference between actual development and potential development
ExplanationZPD is the gap between a learner's current abilities and their potential capabilities with guidance or assistance.