#1
At what age do infants typically start to develop stranger anxiety?
8-10 months
ExplanationStranger anxiety usually emerges between 8-10 months as infants become more aware of unfamiliar faces.
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of psychosocial development, including stages such as trust vs. mistrust?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson is linked to psychosocial development theory, introducing stages like trust vs. mistrust in early life.
#3
What is the term for the period of rapid physical and sexual maturation that occurs during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPuberty is the phase of rapid physical and sexual maturation during adolescence.
#4
Which theorist proposed the stages of moral development, including pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationLawrence Kohlberg introduced the stages of moral development, such as pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional morality.
#5
What is the term for the concept of adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information?
Accommodation
ExplanationAccommodation is the process of adjusting current schemas to incorporate new information.
#6
Who proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development, which refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable other?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the concept of the zone of proximal development, focusing on tasks a child can do with assistance from a more knowledgeable person.
#7
What is the term for the cognitive development stage where children understand the world through sensory experiences and actions?
Sensorimotor stage
ExplanationThe sensorimotor stage is characterized by children comprehending the world through sensory experiences and motor actions.
#8
Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Achievement vs. underachievement
ExplanationAchievement vs. underachievement is not a stage in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
#9
What is the term for the cognitive decline often observed in old age, characterized by memory loss and difficulty in problem-solving?
Dementia
ExplanationDementia refers to the cognitive decline in old age, marked by memory loss and problem-solving difficulties.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to successful aging, according to research?
Avoiding intellectual challenges
ExplanationAvoiding intellectual challenges is not a factor contributing to successful aging, contrary to research findings.
#11
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory occurs during adolescence and involves developing a sense of identity?
Identity vs. role confusion
ExplanationIdentity vs. role confusion is the stage in Erik Erikson's theory occurring during adolescence, emphasizing the development of identity.
#12
What is the term for the process by which certain abilities, such as walking or language, emerge and develop over time?
Maturation
ExplanationMaturation is the process of emerging and developing certain abilities, like walking or language, over time.
#13
According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development do children begin to demonstrate logical thought processes, but they still struggle with abstract concepts?
Concrete operational stage
ExplanationThe concrete operational stage in Piaget's theory is when children develop logical thinking but struggle with abstract concepts.
#14
Which psychologist proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory, suggesting that as people age, they become more selective in choosing social partners and prioritize emotional satisfaction?
Laura Carstensen
ExplanationLaura Carstensen proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory, highlighting increased selectivity in social partnerships and prioritizing emotional satisfaction with age.
#15
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary developmental task during the stage of intimacy vs. isolation?
Forming intimate relationships
ExplanationThe primary task during Erik Erikson's intimacy vs. isolation stage is forming intimate relationships.
#16
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by reasoning based on self-interest and obedience to authority?
Pre-conventional morality
ExplanationPre-conventional morality, according to Lawrence Kohlberg, is characterized by reasoning based on self-interest and obedience to authority.
#17
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, which level of moral development is characterized by an adherence to social norms and laws for the sake of maintaining social order?
Conventional morality
ExplanationConventional morality, according to Lawrence Kohlberg, is characterized by adherence to social norms and laws to maintain social order.