#1
What is the first stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory?
Trust vs. Mistrust
ExplanationInitial stage where infants learn to trust or mistrust caregivers.
#2
What is the main focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Moral reasoning
ExplanationProgression of ethical decision-making.
#3
What does the 'attachment theory' propose regarding early relationships and development?
Early attachments significantly influence later emotional and social development.
ExplanationQuality of early bonds shapes future relationships and behaviors.
#4
What is the primary focus of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
Environmental influences on development
ExplanationImpact of various systems on individual growth and behavior.
#5
What is the primary focus of Harry Harlow's research on attachment in rhesus monkeys?
The significance of physical contact and comfort
ExplanationEmphasizes the role of contact comfort in attachment.
#6
During which stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development do children typically engage in pretend play?
Preoperational
ExplanationStage marked by symbolic thinking and imaginative play.
#7
What is the primary focus of the psychosocial crisis in Erik Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
Identity
ExplanationAdolescents strive to form a coherent sense of self.
#8
According to Erik Erikson, which stage is associated with the psychosocial crisis of 'Generativity vs. Stagnation'?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationConcerns about contributing to society or feeling unproductive.
#9
What is the term for the biological and psychological changes that occur during adolescence?
Puberty
ExplanationPeriod of rapid growth and sexual maturation.
#10
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary virtue associated with the 'Integrity vs. Despair' stage of psychosocial development?
Wisdom
ExplanationReflecting on life experiences to achieve a sense of fulfillment.
#11
What is the key concept in Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory of development?
Observational learning
ExplanationLearning through observing others' behaviors and consequences.
#12
During which stage of psychosocial development, according to Erik Erikson, does the conflict of 'Industry vs. Inferiority' occur?
Industry vs. Inferiority
ExplanationChildren develop a sense of competence or feelings of inadequacy.
#13
Which of the following is a common feature of middle adulthood according to Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development?
Mastery of life skills
ExplanationAchieving competence and fulfilling societal roles.
#14
In the context of aging and cognitive development, what does the term 'fluid intelligence' refer to?
The ability to adapt and think flexibly
ExplanationCapacity for problem-solving and learning new tasks.
#15
According to Daniel Levinson's theory, what is the central task of the 'Midlife Transition' in adult development?
Exploring new possibilities
ExplanationReevaluating life goals and seeking new directions.
#16
What is the primary focus of the 'activity theory' in the study of aging and life satisfaction?
The importance of maintaining a high level of activity and involvement in later life
ExplanationStaying engaged to maintain satisfaction and well-being.
#17
In the context of aging and cognitive development, what is 'crystallized intelligence' primarily associated with?
Accumulated knowledge and skills
ExplanationUse of learned information and expertise.
#18
Which theorist is known for the concept of 'psychosocial moratorium' in adolescence?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationPeriod of identity exploration and role confusion.
#19
According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the term for the mental process that modifies new information to fit existing schemas?
Assimilation
ExplanationIncorporating new experiences into existing cognitive structures.