#1
Which developmental stage typically occurs during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationErikson's psychosocial conflict involving establishing a sense of self and identity.
#2
According to Jean Piaget, which stage of cognitive development occurs during infancy?
Sensorimotor stage
ExplanationInfants explore the world through sensory experiences and motor actions.
#3
What is the term for the biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience?
Maturation
ExplanationInherent, genetically programmed changes in behavior.
#4
According to Erik Erikson, which psychosocial crisis occurs during middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. Stagnation
ExplanationConcerns contributing to society or feeling a lack of purpose.
#5
What is the term for the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information from memory?
Memory
ExplanationCognitive functions involving information processing.
#6
Which research method involves observing subjects in their natural environment without interference?
Naturalistic observation
ExplanationObserving behavior in its natural setting without manipulation.
#7
What is the term for the study of age-related changes in behavior, thinking, emotion, and personality?
Developmental psychology
ExplanationFocus on changes across the lifespan in various aspects.
#8
Which of the following is a characteristic of cross-sectional research?
Examines individuals of different ages at the same point in time
ExplanationComparing individuals of different ages simultaneously.
#9
Which type of research design involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period?
Longitudinal research
ExplanationTracking the same subjects over time for developmental insights.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment style identified by Mary Ainsworth?
Anxious-ambivalent attachment
ExplanationAttachment styles include secure, avoidant, and ambivalent.
#11
Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Range
ExplanationA measure of the spread of values, not central tendency.
#12
In developmental psychology, what does the term 'attachment' refer to?
The bond between a child and caregiver
ExplanationEmotional connection between infants and caregivers.
#13
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of longitudinal research?
May suffer from participant dropout or mortality
ExplanationChallenges include participant attrition or death over the study.
#14
Who proposed the socioemotional selectivity theory, which suggests that as people age, they become more selective about their social relationships?
Laura Carstensen
ExplanationEmphasizes the prioritization of emotionally meaningful relationships as people age.
#15
Who is known for proposing the stages of moral development, including preconventional, conventional, and postconventional stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
ExplanationOutlined the progression of moral reasoning across stages.