#1
Which stage of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses on developing a sense of autonomy?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
ExplanationAutonomy vs. Shame and Doubt involves the struggle for independence and self-control during early childhood.
#2
Which theorist is associated with the concept of the 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationLev Vygotsky introduced the 'zone of proximal development,' emphasizing the range of tasks a learner can perform with guidance but not independently.
#3
Which theorist proposed the concept of psychosocial development, encompassing eight stages across the lifespan?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson formulated the psychosocial development theory, identifying key stages in the lifelong interplay of social and psychological factors.
#4
What is the term for the process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half and results in the production of gametes?
Meiosis
ExplanationMeiosis is the cellular process leading to the formation of gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.
#5
What is the term for the process by which individuals develop a sense of right and wrong?
Moral development
ExplanationMoral development is the gradual acquisition of ethical principles, distinguishing right from wrong.
#6
According to Jean Piaget, in which stage do children develop the ability to perform mental operations but struggle with abstract concepts?
Concrete Operational
ExplanationConcrete Operational stage signifies logical thinking and mastering concrete tasks, yet abstract reasoning remains challenging.
#7
What is the term for the process by which new information is incorporated into existing schemas?
Assimilation
ExplanationAssimilation is the cognitive process of integrating new information into pre-existing mental frameworks or schemas.
#8
What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between an infant and their primary caregiver?
Attachment
ExplanationAttachment is the emotional connection between an infant and their primary caregiver, crucial for healthy development.
#9
Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by following rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards?
Preconventional
ExplanationPreconventional morality, in Kohlberg's theory, reflects moral decisions based on self-interest, avoiding punishment or seeking rewards.
#10
Which theorist emphasized the importance of social and cultural influences on development, proposing eight stages of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson
ExplanationErik Erikson highlighted social and cultural impacts on development, outlining eight psychosocial stages across the lifespan.
#11
According to Erik Erikson, what is the primary conflict during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationIdentity vs. Role Confusion is Erikson's adolescent stage, involving the quest for a coherent sense of self amidst social and personal roles.
#12
What is the term for the process of gradual, systematic changes in gene expression that occur without altering DNA sequence?
Epigenetics
ExplanationEpigenetics refers to changes in gene expression without alterations in the DNA sequence, playing a role in development.