#1
Which of the following best describes the behaviorist perspective in learning theory?
Learning is a response to stimuli from the environment.
ExplanationLearning is influenced by external stimuli.
#2
Who is associated with the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov demonstrated classical conditioning.
#3
Which psychologist is known for his theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationGardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences.
#4
Which educational theorist is associated with the concept of 'zone of proximal development'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky introduced the concept of ZPD.
#5
What is the main focus of the behaviorist theory of learning?
External behaviors and responses to stimuli
ExplanationBehaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and stimuli.
#6
Which educational theorist is known for the concept of 'scaffolding'?
Lev Vygotsky
ExplanationVygotsky introduced the concept of scaffolding.
#7
In the context of learning theories, what does 'schema' refer to?
A mental framework for organizing and interpreting information.
ExplanationSchema help organize and interpret information.
#8
Which learning theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning and modeling?
Social learning theory
ExplanationObservational learning is central in social learning theory.
#9
According to the zone of proximal development (ZPD) in Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, what does it represent?
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance.
ExplanationZPD represents the gap between independent and assisted learning.
#10
Which of the following is NOT a key principle of behaviorism?
Observational learning
ExplanationObservational learning is not a primary focus in behaviorism.
#11
In operant conditioning, what is negative reinforcement?
The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
ExplanationNegative reinforcement involves removing something unpleasant to strengthen behavior.
#12
What is the primary focus of humanistic approaches to learning?
Self-actualization and personal growth
ExplanationHumanistic learning emphasizes self-actualization and growth.
#13
According to constructivist theory, learning is best facilitated when instruction is:
Focused on discovery and problem-solving
ExplanationConstructivist learning emphasizes discovery and problem-solving.