#1
Who is considered the father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
ExplanationPavlov established the basic principles of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
#2
Which term refers to a decrease in the strength or frequency of a response when it is no longer reinforced?
Extinction
ExplanationExtinction occurs when a conditioned response weakens or disappears due to the absence of reinforcement.
#3
In operant conditioning, what is the term for the process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior?
Shaping
ExplanationShaping involves reinforcing behaviors that are increasingly similar to the desired behavior until the desired behavior is achieved.
#4
Which psychologist proposed the social learning theory, emphasizing the importance of observational learning and modeling?
Albert Bandura
ExplanationAlbert Bandura introduced the social learning theory, emphasizing the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior.
#5
What is the term for the phenomenon where a behavior is learned by watching others perform the behavior?
Observational learning
ExplanationObservational learning occurs when behaviors are acquired or modified through watching others.
#6
In operant conditioning, what term refers to the process of decreasing the frequency or strength of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus?
Punishment
ExplanationPunishment involves reducing the likelihood of a behavior by removing a desirable stimulus following the behavior.
#7
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment, demonstrating how fear could be conditioned in humans?
John Watson
ExplanationJohn Watson conducted the Little Albert experiment, demonstrating classical conditioning principles in humans.
#8
In classical conditioning, what term describes the process of a previously extinguished response re-emerging after a period of rest?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period following extinction.
#9
What is the term for the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period?
Spontaneous recovery
ExplanationSpontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior after a rest period.