#1
Which of the following is NOT a component of the scientific method?
Intuition
ExplanationIntuition is not a component of the scientific method, which relies on systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis.
#2
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
ExplanationSigmund Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis, a psychological approach that explores the unconscious mind.
#3
What is the term for the inability to recall information that was previously stored in memory?
Amnesia
ExplanationAmnesia is the inability to recall previously stored information in memory.
#4
Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, and is often targeted by drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines?
Dopamine
ExplanationDopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, targeted by drugs like cocaine and amphetamines.
#5
Who is known for his famous hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill certain needs before others?
Abraham Maslow
ExplanationAbraham Maslow is known for the hierarchy of needs, proposing that individuals are motivated by specific needs in a hierarchical order.
#6
According to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, what is the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification?
Id
ExplanationIn Freudian theory, the Id is the part of the personality driven by the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
#7
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Medulla
ExplanationThe medulla is a brain region responsible for vital functions like breathing and heart rate regulation.
#8
What is the term for the tendency to give greater weight to information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses?
Confirmation bias
ExplanationConfirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.
#9
What is the name for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their own undesirable traits or impulses to others?
Projection
ExplanationProjection is a defense mechanism where one attributes their undesirable traits to others.
#10
Who conducted the famous 'Little Albert' experiment, which demonstrated classical conditioning in humans?
John Watson
ExplanationJohn Watson conducted the 'Little Albert' experiment, illustrating classical conditioning in humans.
#11
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the primary developmental task during adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
ExplanationThe primary developmental task in adolescence, according to Erikson, is resolving the conflict of identity versus role confusion.
#12
What is the term for the process of converting sensory information into a form that the brain can interpret?
Transduction
ExplanationTransduction is the process of converting sensory information into a form interpretable by the brain.
#13
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner
ExplanationHoward Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting various distinct forms of intelligence.