Influential Figures in Psychological Science Quiz

Sigmund Freud is credited as the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology.

Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of a hierarchy of needs in his theory of human motivation.

Ivan Pavlov is considered the founder of behaviorism for his pioneering work on classical conditioning, demonstrating how behavior can be learned through association.

Aaron T. Beck is known for developing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a widely used therapeutic approach focusing on identifying and changing dysfunctional thought patterns and behaviors.

Lawrence Kohlberg is known for his theory on the stages of moral development, which emphasizes moral reasoning.

B.F. Skinner proposed the theory of operant conditioning, which focuses on how behavior is influenced by consequences.

Albert Bandura developed the social learning theory and introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism, emphasizing the interaction between behavior, personal factors, and the environment.

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, suggesting that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait but rather a collection of distinct abilities.

Albert Bandura is associated with the concept of self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

John Bowlby developed attachment theory, emphasizing the critical role of early bonding experiences in shaping human development.

Abraham Maslow is linked to the concept of self-actualization, the realization of one's potential, in his hierarchy of needs theory.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is associated with the concept of 'flow,' a state of complete absorption and enjoyment in an activity.

Daniel Goleman popularized the concept of emotional intelligence, which involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions.

George Herbert Mead is known for his theory of self-concept and the 'Looking Glass Self,' which suggests that our self-image is shaped by how we perceive others' perceptions of us.

Lev Vygotsky is known for his work on the Hierarchy of Cognitive Skills and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which focuses on the gap between a learner's independent ability and their potential with guidance.

Donald Winnicott proposed the theory of object relations, emphasizing the importance of early relationships and internalized object representations in personality development.